The use of a multimedia presentation to supplement the informed consent process for endoscopy procedures was tested at a children's hospital. Fifty consecutive children who presented for an endoscopy were randomized to one of two conditions. In group 1, informed consent for the procedure was obtained by the physician in the usual manner. In the second group, parents/guardians viewed a multimedia presentation on endoscopic procedures in addition to the typical consent process. Both groups completed measures of state anxiety, comprehension, and satisfaction. As predicted, there was a significant positive correlation between all participants' self-reported comprehension and satisfaction and a negative correlation between comprehension and anxiety. The group that viewed the multimedia presentation scored significantly higher on an objective test and was rated significantly higher in comprehension by physicians than the comparison group. There were no significant differences between the groups in self-reports of anxiety, satisfaction with medical care, and number of questions asked during consent delivery.
A binary number can be thought of as an alternate form of expression for either a set of letters or a decimal number. There are then three equivalent expressions, easily translatable to one another, each having difFerent characteristics. Four examples are given in which the form of on expression is chonged to an equivolent expression to save space or gain power.
IntroductionWe have found binary numbers useful in routines that set up combinations. Four routines are given as examples. The binary number can be stored in several words, one binary digit to a word, i.e. a word is either 1 or 0. Although this manner of storage is wasteful of computer space, it permits the routines to be written entirely in FORTRAN. Another manner of storage is to pack binary numbers into words, 10 digits to a word. A binary number up to the equivalent of 1024 can be packed into a single computer word. However, operations upon single digits in a word are thus required and tliis calls for tbe use of symbolic machine language programming. We have for this purpose the PEST compiler^ for the IBM 7072, which enables us to use AUTOCODER inserts in a FORTRAN program. Examples 1 and 4 below show such usage.
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