No abstract

From 1999 to 2010, prevalence of hypertension remained stable. Hypertension awareness, management, and control were improved, but remained poor; nevertheless, there has been no improvement since 2007.

1058 newborn infants were examined. Forty-one (3-9%) had clinically discernible pigmented lesions compatible with melanocytic naevi. Biopsy was performed on thirty-four of the forty-one and of these; eleven, representing 1-01% of the infants, proved to be melanocytic naevi. No giant (garment) naevi were seen in this series. Two of the eleven naevi pathologically examined showed histological changes similar to those that have been reported in some giant naevi, but the remaining nine were not only different from criteria usually assigned to giant naevi, but they also differed from the usual adult naevi, in that most were predominantly junctional. None of the melanocytic naevi in this series showed any suggestion of malignant change. In newborn infants it is often impossible clinically to distinguish naevi from other types of pigmented lesions, as only eleven out of the thirty-four pigmented lesions were melanocytic naevi. Seven of the eleven melanocytic naevi were under 1-5 cm in diameter. No pigmented lesions were found on the palms, soles or genitalia.

The presence of various types of birthmarks was determined in 1,058 newborn infants under 72 hours of age. Of these, 79.5% were white, 6.2% were black, 11.2% were ladinos, and 2.6% were Asiatic. Mongol spots were present in 9.6% of the white babies, 95.5% of the black babies, 81% of the Asiatic babies, and 70.1% of ladino infants. Pigmented lesions were present in 42 (4%) of the infants. Biopsies obtained in 34 (3.2%) revealed that only one-third (11) of these were melanocytic nevi. Salmon patches were present in 40.3% of the infants, recognizable early strawberry marks in 2.6%, and port-wine stains in 0.3%. In addition to birthmarks, it was determined that 30.3% of the 508 babies examined at one of the two hospitals had toxic erythema of the newborn.

To establish sensitive histologic criteria for small congenital nevi (SCN), we examined 29 biopsy specimens of SCN from patients younger than age 1 year by serial sectioning and S100 immunoperoxidase staining. The depth of papillary and reticular dermal infiltration was variable; only the results of six biopsy specimens contained nevomelanocytes in the lower third of reticular dermis. However, all cases had focal nevomelanocytic involvement of adnexa at the midreticular dermis or below (26 of 29 cases in eccrine and 15 of 29 in pilosebaceous structures). Follow-up specimens in ten patients were obtained (mean interval, 10.25 years), and no difference in histologic pattern or cytology was observed. There were variable size increases in the surface area of SCN, ranging from no increase to a maximal ninefold increase.