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In the presence of accelerated fault rates, which are projected to be the norm on future exascale systems, it will become increasingly difficult for highperformance computing (HPC) applications to accomplish useful computation. Due to the fault-oblivious nature of current HPC programming paradigms and execution environments, HPC applications are insufficiently equipped to deal with errors. We believe that HPC applications should be enabled with capabilities to actively search for and correct errors in their computations. The redundant multithreading (RMT) approach offers lightweight replicated execution streams of program instructions within the context of a single application process. However, the use of complete redundancy incurs significant overhead to the application performance.In this paper we present RedThreads, an interface that provides applicationlevel fault detection and correction based on RMT, but applies the thread-level redundancy adaptively. We describe the RedThreads syntax and semantics, and the supporting compiler infrastructure and runtime system. Our approach enables

Exascale systems will provide an unprecedented opportunity for science, one that will make it possible to use computation not only as a critical tool along with theory and experiment in understanding the behavior of the fundamental components of nature, but also for critical advances for the nation’s energy needs and security. To create exascale systems and software that will enable the US Department of Energy (DOE) to meet the science goals critical to the nation’s energy, ecological sustainability, and global security, we must focus on major architecture, software, algorithm, and data challenges, and build on newly emerging programming environments. Only with this new infrastructure will applications be able to scale up to the required levels of parallelism and integrate technologies into complex coupled systems for real-world multidisciplinary modeling and simulation. Achieving this goal will likely involve a shift from current static approaches for application development and execution to a combination of new software tools, algorithms, and dynamically adaptive methods.

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