Developing chemical tools to detect and influence biological processes is a cornerstone of chemical biology. Here we combine two tools which rely on orthogonality– perfluorocarbons and multiplexed shortwave infrared (SWIR) fluorescence imaging– to visualize nanoemulsions in real time in living mice. Drawing inspiration from fluorous and SWIR fluorophore development, we prepared two SWIR‐emissive, fluorous‐soluble chromenylium polymethine dyes. These are the most red‐shifted fluorous fluorophores– “fluorofluorophores”—to date. After characterizing the dyes, their utility was demonstrated by tracking perfluorocarbon nanoemulsion biodistribution in vivo. Using an excitation‐multiplexed approach to image two variables simultaneously, we gained insight into the importance of size and surfactant identity on biodistribution.
Developing chemical tools to detect and influence biological processes is a cornerstone of chemical biology. Here we combine two tools which rely on orthogonality-perfluorocarbons and multiplexed shortwave infrared (SWIR) fluorescence imaging-to visualize nanoemulsions in real time in living mice. Drawing inspiration from fluorous and SWIR fluorophore development, we prepared two SWIR-emissive, fluoroussoluble chromenylium polymethine dyes. These are the most red-shifted fluorous fluorophores-"fluorofluorophores"-to date. After characterizing the dyes, their utility was demonstrated by tracking perfluorocarbon nanoemulsion biodistribution in vivo. Using an excitation-multiplexed approach to image two variables simultaneously, we gained insight into the importance of size and surfactant identity on biodistribution.
Organic reactions that can be effected with recoverable fluorous catalysts are comprehensively reviewed for the period 2010–2021. Most catalysts feature organofluorine substituents of the formula (CF 2 ) n –1 CF 3 (R f n ; n ≥ 6), or ethereal variants. These can impart moderate to high affinities for fluorous solid or liquid phases, or other special solubility characteristics, depending on their lengths and numbers. Recycling protocols are classified and compared.
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