Fluorous Catalysts: Recycling and Reuse, 2010–2021

Abstract

Organic reactions that can be effected with recoverable fluorous catalysts are comprehensively reviewed for the period 2010–2021. Most catalysts feature organofluorine substituents of the formula (CF 2 ) n –1 CF 3 (R f n ; n ≥ 6), or ethereal variants. These can impart moderate to high affinities for fluorous solid or liquid phases, or other special solubility characteristics, depending on their lengths and numbers. Recycling protocols are classified and compared.