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A mutant formed after UV irradiation of a potent aflatoxin producing strain ofAspergillus parasiticus elaborated 80% less aflatoxin than did the parent strain and produced an orange‐red pigment. This new metabolite which represents 1% of the mycelial mass has been identified as 2‐hexanoyl‐1,3,6,8‐tetrahydroxyanthraquinone (norsolorinic acid), mol wt 370, mp 256–257 C, and molecular formula C20H18O7.

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Commercial grapefruit seed extracts (GSE) were extracted with chloroform. The solvent was evaporated, and the resulting solid was subsequently analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and elemental analysis (by proton-induced X-ray emission [PIXE] analysis). The main constituent was identified as benzethonium chloride, a synthetic antimicrobial agent commonly used in cosmetics and other topical applications. This compound comprised 8.03% (n = 2) of the liquid GSE sample. Higher amounts of benzethonium chloride were found in powder GSE samples.