Polymeric nanocomposites based on nanoclay, nanosilica, carbon nanotubes, and ceramic or mineral nanoparticles have been developed for a variety of applications. The large surface-to-mass ratios of these particles require good adsorption of the polymeric material on the particle surface to provide the adhesion levels between the filler and matrix resin necessary for improved performance. We review the basic principles underlying these surface interactions and their application in the preparation of a variety of these nanocomposites, as well as in explaining their performance. We demonstrate that the principles underlying the compatibilization of polymer blends and alloys can be successfully used to design nanocomposites and understand their performance.
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