Introduction:Lamiaceae herbs have are well known for their immunomodulatory effects, however, the mechanism by which they effect innate immune system is not clearly understood.Objective:The effect of dietary supplementation with two Lamiaceae herbs (oregano and sage) modulation of on innate immunological parameters was investigated in Lumbricus terrestris.Materials and Methods:Animals were fed (ad libitum) on herbs supplemented diet [(0.1% (w/v) and 0.5% (w/v)] for 6 days. Changes in immune competent cell counts, viability, and relative neutrophil-like cell counts were determined in response to herb treatment. Changes in nitric oxide, phagocytic activity, and respiratory burst index were also determined in response to herb treatment relative to control. Additionally, effect of herb co-treatment cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg-BW) induced immunosuppression was also evaluated.Results:Our results suggested abrogation of CP-induced immunosuppression in response to co-treatment with herbs. Significant increase in nitric oxide-mediated immune-competent cell counts, viability, and differentiation into neutrophil-like cells were observed in response to dietary supplementation with Lamiaceae herbs. Significantly higher phagocytic activity relative to control was also noted in response to dietary intake of oregano and sage. However, the respiratory burst index did not increase exponentially in response to herb treatments, suggesting a potential enhancement in pathogen recognition and antioxidant defenses.Conclusion:Lamiaceae herbs may have potential immune-modulatory properties important for human health and merits further investigation.
a b s t r a c tBackground/Aims: Health benefits of Lamiaceae herbs are attributed to the presence of antioxidant phytochemicals. However, mechanism of in vivo functionality is not very well understood. We determined the in vivo effect of dietary Lamiaceae herbs on modulating redox-nitric oxide (NO) homeostasis and sperm quality in oxidation prone environment of seminal vesicles in Lumbricus terrestris. Methods: Animals fed ad libitum on Lumbricus growth medium supplemented with 0% (control), 0.1% or 0.5% (w/v) of different herbs. The seminal vesicles of the animal were dissected out on day 2 and day 6, and gently disrupted. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), DNA fragmentation (DNAF), glutathione (GSH), nitrates/nitrites (NOx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) were determined using standard assays. Sperm maturity and deformation (DFO) was quantified microscopically. Results: Overall, the herb treatments decreased MDA levels by (60e90%), increased SOD activity (15e50%), and decreased DNAF (6e11%). Treatments with basil and oregano at 0.1% (w/v) were most effective. Conclusion: Our suggests that phytochemicals from Lamiaceae herbs modulate redox stress response, and protect against oxidative stress in seminal vesicles.
Health benefits of Lamiaceae herbs are attributed to the presence of antioxidant phytochemicals. However, their in vivo mechanism of action is not well understood. We determined the effect of dietary Lamiaceae herbs on modulating redox/nitric oxide (NO) signaling and sperm quality in oxidation prone environment of seminal vesicles. Animals fed ad libitum on Lumbricus growth medium supplemented with 0% (control), 0.1% or 0.5% (w/v) of different herbs. The seminal vesicles from the animal were dissected out on day 2 and day 6, and gently disrupted. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), DNA fragmentation (DNAF), glutathione (GSH), nitrates/nitrites (NOx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were determines using standard assays. Sperm maturity and deformation (DFO) was quantified microscopically. Transcriptional changes relevant to redox/NO signaling were quantified using Real time qPCR. Overall, the herb treatments decreased MDA levels by 60–90%, increased SOD activity (15–50%) and NOx (6–15%) and decreased DNAF (6–11%) and DFO (20–50%). Treatments with basil and oregano at 0.1 % (w/v) were most effective. Preliminary data analysis suggests modulation of redox response via protein kinase C, ARE‐Nrf2 and AP‐2 mediated expression of SOD, glutathione peroxidase and Nitric oxide synthase. Funding source: Texas State University.
Oxidative stress has been linked to several chronic diseases, including heart disease, cancer and inflammation. Phenolic phytochemicals abundant in natural products have high antioxidant activity and can potentially reduce the effects of oxidative stress. However, their antioxidant response mechanism in vivo is not very well understood. Our objective was to investigate the effect of several natural products on modulating the antioxidant response in vivo in hydrogen peroxide (HP) stressed Lumbricus terrestris. Sexually mature L. terrestris were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups and were allowed to feed ad libitum on 1.25% Gerber‐oatmeal agar (GA). The animals in control, peroxide, treatment and treatment‐peroxide groups, fed on GA, GA + 0.13% HP, GA+ 10% extract and GA+0.13% HP+ 10% extract respectively. Two animals from each group were euthanized after 2d, 4d and 6d and 1 inch of circular muscle posterior to the clitellum was dissected and extracted. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined to assess peroxide induced lipid oxidation. The antioxidant response was determined by measuring the radical quenching activity of muscle, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) using standard methods. Our results indicated that compared to controls, animals on grapefruit, grape, ginger, and cranberry diet had the lowest MDA levels and high radical quenching activity. Animals on grapefruit, ginger, raspberry, and cranberry diet had 3‐7 fold more muscle CAT levels. SOD levels in animals on turmeric, mace, blackberry, and oregano diet was almost 100‐200 fold higher. Our results suggest that dietary phytochemicals can manage acute oxidative stress in vivo by inducing antioxidant enzyme response mediated by SOD and CAT.
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