This article will align Christina Rossetti's poetics with Susan Sontag's work on suffering to argue that in Rossetti's poetic universe suffering is a necessary precursor to a realisation of love. Turning to Mikhail Bakhtin's theorising of the carnivalesque, the article describes the landscape of Goblin Market as one in which established social convention is overturned and suggests that it is against this landscape of perversity that suffering is reimagined as a precursor to love. Furthermore, to demonstrate how this cult of suffering becomes established at the heart of Rossetti's Goblin Market, I turn to both Karl Marx and Jacques Lacan to investigate how a desirable quota of suffering is achieved through both Lizzie and Laura's interactions with a burgeoning commodity capitalism.
This article examines the contrasting role of violence in the anticolonial struggles of India and Ireland. It turns to the early writing of Mohandas K. Gandhi to explicate how violence for Indian nationalists shaped by the writings of Gandhi, was configured as a European methodology and antithetical to Indian culture. In contrast, James Connolly anticipates the work of Frantz Fanon in advocating violence as a necessary means to purge the ideological influence of British Colonial Rule from the minds of colonised subjects. It concludes by looking at the legacy of the two approaches to suggest that, rather paradoxically, Gandhi's utilisation of nonviolence as a strategy of resistance proved to be more disruptive to the workings of the British State.
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