1. Rumen and caecal wall tissues were taken at slaughter from lambs varying in age from newborn to 11 weeks. The ability of these tissues to metabolize the short-chain fatty acids, acetic, propionic and butyric acid was compared with tissues from adult sheep. Ketone body production was measured.2. The utilization of butyrate by the rumen wall in the newborn lamb was lower than in the adult, but exceeded the adult levels at 3 weeks of age and maintained this higher utilization to 11 weeks and probably longer. Ketone body production was negligible at birth but followed butyrate utilization closely thereafter.3. The caecal wall in the newborn lamb utilized butyrate at a much higher rate than the adult sheep tissue. Foetal lamb caecal tissue utilized butyrate to the same extent as in the newborn lamb. Levels were, however, typical of the adult within a day or two of birth and showed no subsequent effect of age. Ketone body production was negligible at all ages.4. Rumen development in milk-fed lambs slaughtered at 7 and 9 weeks of age was retarded anatomically and showed decreased capacity in the utilization of butyrate.5. The utilization of acetate and propionate by rumen and caecal tissues showed no marked change due to age. Ketone body production from these acids was low.

The relationship between the weight of the breast muscle and the number of nuclei

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INTRODUCTION: Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema from naloxone is a rare adverse effect; but even more uncommon is the development of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (TCM).CASE PRESENTATION: A 75-year-old woman with a history of breast cancer s/p bilateral mastectomy & post-herpetic neuralgia on chronic opioids, presented with clostridium colitis. On day 3 of admission, she was noted to have decreased responsiveness, pinpoint pupils & an empty bottle of Hydrocodone/acetaminophen was found at bedside. She was given IV naloxone 0.4mg. Two hours after naloxone admission, RR 32, HR 115 bpm, BP 133/86mmHg, SpO2 97% on RA. Physical exam revealed normal pupils, hyperdynamic apex with no murmurs, basilar crackles throughout, BNP 1,170 pg/ml (normal 0-100PG/ ML). EKG sinus tachycardia, CXR showed pulmonary edema and ABG 7.49/<16.1/65.8/CNC. She was initiated on BIPAP but subsequently intubated due to continued respiratory distress. She remained intubated for 2 days where she received IV Lasix with improvement of pulmonary congestion. ECHO showed LVEF 20-25 % with mid-ventricle extending to apex is akinetic in a circumferential pattern, sparing the base which was hyperdynamic, consistent with TCM. Cardiac catherization showed 30% occlusion of mid-LAD & 20% occlusion of mid LCX with severely elevated LVEDP 34mmhg with wall motion abnormality consistent with TCM. She was discharged on daily metoprolol 25mg, losartan 25 mg, ASA 81 mg & lasix 20mg.DISCUSSION: Though undoubtedly an important tool in addressing the magnitude of opioid overdose cases both in & outside of hospitals, naloxone is not without its own concerns; many of which are related to the heart. It has been demonstrated in animal & human models that naloxone induces catecholamine release which has direct positive inotropic effects on the heart (2). It reverses the usual inhibitory effects that endogenous opioids have in regulating catecholamine release in peripheral sympathetic nerves & adrenal medullae(2). This mechanism results in hypertension including at the level of the pulmonary vasculature leading to pulmonary vasoconstriction & increased capillary permeability, (1) decreased gaseous exchange and subsequent translocation of fluid into the alveoli. This results in the pulmonary edema as well as the resultant hypoxia with eventual acute hypoxic respiratory failure.Similarly, it is plausible that this same mechanism of acute surge in plasma catecholamine levels leads to direct toxicity on cardiomyocytes. Acute catecholamine surge is purported to result in stunning of the myocardium leading to characteristic changes noted in TCM. The findings of TCM are transient and are the main distinguishing feature of this condition from other cardiomyopathies.

AN INCREASE with age in the con--**• centration of non-protein nitrogen, as well as protein, in the pectoral muscle of the chicken has previously been reported by Dickerson (1960) and by Simmonds et al. (1964). However, the nonprotein nitrogen fraction is comprised of a number of substances of differing biological function, such as amino acids, peptides, creatine and purines, and it is to be expected that the pattern of change of these substances will differ. This paper describes a study of the variation with age of the concentration of certain non-protein nitrogen fractions in chicken muscle. In the first experiment estimations were made of total nitrogen, protein nitrogen, non-protein nitrogen, creatine (including phosphocreatine) and ammonia in the pectoral muscle. In the second experiment the dipeptides, anserine and carnosine were estimated in the pectoral and gastrocnemius muscles. MATERIALS AND METHODSTwo strains of New Hampshire chickens were used, one for each experiment. Both strains had been maintained as unselected closed flocks for a number of generations. Groups of chickens were sacrificed at 0, 4, 8, 16 and 32 days of age and also at about six months (adults). In the NEWS AND NOTES (continued from page 455) in food sciences, and serve as the central vehicle of communication at Purdue for students, staff, industry and government agencies with an interest in food sciences and related areas.

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