One of the engineering technologies that can be used to reduce air pollution is the use of catalytic converter mounted on vehicle gas exhaust duct. Unfortunately, these tools are very expensive in the market and not all motor vehicles use these technologis, because the catalyst was made from exoensive metals and rarely available in the market, such as: Palladium, Platinum and Rhodium. Besides, the catalyst is susceptible to premium fuel with low levels of lead (Pb) which results in the damage of the function of the catalyst due to blockage in the honeycomb Catalytic Converter. Therefore research needs to be done in the laboratory to test the other substrate materials as a catalyst, to study the ability of the catalyst in a catalytic converter to reduce exhaust emissions of Carbon Monoxide. This research will also study the performance capabilities and assess the effectiveness of Manganese-coated Copper catalysts which are designed in such a way to obtain the appropriate shape and type of Catalytic Converter catalyst and suitable for premium fuel motor vehicles. The result showed that (1) Catalytic Converter design and modification of catalytic materials can be an alternative to overcome the high air pollution problem from the transportation sector, esspecially particular Carbon Monoxide exhaust emissions from gasoline motors. (2) The use of Manganese-Coated Copper as a catalyst in the catalytic converter was significantly able to increase the reduction of Carbon Monoxide exhaust emissions. (3) The increase of catalyst cells amount decreased the concentration of Carbon Monoxide exhaust emissions. (4) Optimum Design of Model 2 Catalytic Converter was able to reduce exhaust emissions of Carbon Monoxide. BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of scientific committee of the ICTCRED 2014 87 RM. Bagus Irawan et al. / Procedia Environmental Sciences 23 ( 2015 ) 86 -92 IntroductionThe use of catalytic converter to reduce emission from vehicle exhaust has been recently. Mostly the cataytic converter used for motor vehicles (on the market) is in a type of pellet and monolithic catalysts and the materials made from nobel metals, such as palladium (Pd), Platinum (Pt) and Rhodium (Rh) [1]. Those metals have a high specific activity, a large degree of volatility, easily oxidized and easily broken at temperature of 500-900 o C, which result in reducing activity of the catalyst. Besides these metals have a low availability and quite expensive [2] The installation of the catalytic converter on exhaust channel with catalysts of Pd, Pt and Rh with alumina, silica and ceramic buffer, are quite expensive in facrication, difficult to find and less suitable used in Indonesia, because most of fuel still contains high Pb. However, this type of catalytic converter can convert exhaust emissions (CO, HC and NOx) with quite high conversion (80-90 %) [3]. These information lead us to search new alternative for new materials and lower price. For this alternative, the transition met...
The vapor compression cycle refrigeration machine is the type of refrigeration machine that is most widely used today, generally the medium used as a working fluid that transfers heat from the product being cooled to its environment is a synthetic refrigerant. The working fluid is called refrigerant. Refrigerant is the main working fluid used in air conditioning systems to absorb heat and convert it in the refrigeration system. This then encourages countries in the world including Indonesia to then jointly carry out prevention and improvement by making agreements. Then this agreement was known as the Vienna Convention in 1985 followed by the Montreal agreement in 1987. In order to reduce the impact of ODS (Ozone Depleting Substances), in 1992 Indonesia signed the Montreal protocol. At that time, Indonesia also launched the "Indonesian Country for the phase Out of Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) under the Montreal Protocol". This study aims to compare the work of compression, heat absorbed, and the electric power used by the split type refrigeration machine between refrigerant R-22 and refrigerant R-290. These results and analysis show that R-290 has a higher value than R-22 in compression performance. R22 power consumption is 0.30 kw and R290 is 0.26. R290 this is influenced by the light work of the compressor so that it will have an impact on electric power consumption. The power consumption of R290 is 42% less than R22. The heat absorbed by R 22 is smaller than that using hydrocarbons. The results of the optimization of compressor work, power and heat variables show an effect on efficiency.
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