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The paper contains a literature review to obtain an optimization method that potentially can be used to optimize power plant expansion of Jawa-Madura-Bali (Jamali) power system in 2015-2050. An optimization model that can represent auction process and direct appointment of IPP by considering the long term period (multi-period framework) and multi-objective function (economical, reliable, and environmentally friendly), is needed. Based on the literature review that has been done, it is obtained the method potentially can be used for Jamali system. The method is a game theory with multi-period, bi-level and multi-objective optimization method. Game theory is used to represent the auction process and direct appointment of IPP. Multi-period is used to represent the long term period from 2015-2050. Multi-objective optimization method is used to represent the aspects of cost, reliability, and CO2 emission which are considered in the optimization process

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Global horizontal irradiation uncertainty and government policy significantly affect the economics of rooftop photovoltaic development. Unfortunately, previous studies neglect these aspects. Therefore, it is necessary to undertake the economic analysis of rooftop photovoltaic development by considering its global horizontal irradiation uncertainty and government policies.  This research creates a model that can be used to perform analysis and assess rooftop photovoltaic development prospects by considering irradiation uncertainty and government policies. The attractiveness of rooftop photovoltaic development is indicated by the value of the Levelized cost of electricity, net present value, and internal rate of return. Monte Carlo simulation models irradiation uncertainty. Java Island in Indonesia is used as a case study to show the performance of the proposed model. The research results show that the rooftop photovoltaic is not economically viable if built by the utility. Rooftop photovoltaic systems are only profitable when built by the private sector and is used for internal usage only. These rooftop photovoltaic investments provide an internal rate of return above 14%, which shows that investors with green capital funds and local investors are interested in investing. The emission reductions from a 100 m2  rooftop photovoltaic system vary from 214 to 384 tons of CO2 per year.

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