BACKGROUND:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is uncommon and usually diagnosed at the advanced stage. A subfamily of mitogen-activated protein kinase which is called p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) involved in response to stress, and plays an important role in cell regulation. There is a suggestion that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase could be a potential biomarker to determine the clinical stage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.AIM:The aim of this study is for observing and analysing the correlation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase expression in regards to nasopharyngeal carcinoma patient’s clinical stage.METHODS:This study involved 126 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients admitted to Haji Adam Malik General Hospital.RESULTS:The result of this study indicates that nasopharyngeal carcinoma mostly found in the age group 41-60 years, male, non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, and stage IV group. In immunohistochemistry evaluation, most of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase overexpressed in non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, T3-T4, N2-N3 and clinical stage III-IV. Spearman’s test for categorical correlation yield p-value of < 0.001.CONCLUSION:In conclusion, there is a significant correlation between p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase expression and the clinical stage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
AIM:This study aimed to observe the cyclooxygenase-2 expression and its correlation with tumour size and lymph node involvement in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.METHODS:This study was cross-sectional, that enrolled 126 samples diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia which fulfilled the inclusion criteria.RESULTS:Based on this study, we found that the age peak incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients about a 41-60-year-old group (57.1%), dominated by men (71.4%). Through histopathological examination, non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma is the most predominant type (79.4%). We also found T3 is the most prevalent primary tumour size (32.5%) with prominent lymph node involvement N3 (45.2%), and stage IV (54.8%). Cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression is prevalent among nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (81.1%), T3 primary tumour size (41.1%), N3 node involvement (60.0%), and IV clinical stage (71.6%). In addition, we found a significant relationship between cyclooxygenase-2 expressions towards tumor size (p < 0.001) and lymph node involvement (p < 0.001) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.CONCLUSION:It is proved that the overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 will increase the susceptibility of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients having advanced primary tumour size and lymph node involvement.
Latar belakang: Karsinoma nasofaring (KNF) adalah suatu karsinoma sel skuamosa yang berasal dari sel epitel nasofaring. Cyclooxygenase (COX) merupakan enzim pada jalur biosintetik dari prostaglandin, tromboksan dan prostasiklin dari asam arakhidonat. Ekspresi seluler COX-2 meningkat di atas normal pada stadium awal karsinogenesis dan selama perkembangan serta pertumbuhan invasif tumor. TNF-α diperlukan untuk proliferasi dan fungsi yang normal dari NK cells, sel T, sel B, makrofag dan sel dendrit. Akan tetapi bukti yang terbarumenunjukkan bahwa TNF-α merupakan suatu mediator utama pada cancer-related inflammation dan juga berperan sebagai tumour-promoting factor.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui ekspresi COX-2 dan TNF-α sebagai mediator cancer-related inflammation pada KNF. Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif secara cross sectional design dengan 30 sampel dilakukan di RSUP. H. Adam Malik Medan. Ekspresi COX-2 dan TNF-α pada KNF diperiksa dengan immunohistokimia. Hasil: Dengan menggunakan Fisher’s exact test tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara ukuran tumor primer, ukuran kelenjar getah bening serta stadium klinis dengan ekspresi COX-2 (p > 0,05). Ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara ukuran tumor primer dan ekspresi TNF-α (p < 0,05). Tidak ditemukan adanya hubungan antara ukuran kelenjar getah bening dan stadium klinis dengan ekspresi TNF-α (p >0,05). Dengan uji Spearman’s rho didapatkan bahwa COX-2 berkorelasi signifikan dengan TNF-α pada KNF (p <0,05). Kesimpulan: Terdapat korelasi signifikan ekspresi COX-2 dan TNF-α pada KNF.Kata kunci: Karsinoma nasofaring, cyclooxygenase-2, TNF-α.
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