Ocimum sanctum (OS) is tropical herbal plant which is easy to find and widely used as a vegetable food in Indonesia. In last decade, lung adenocarcinoma was in top position as male cancer disease in Indonesia. Recently, emerging data showing the extracts of different species of Ocimum exhibiting the anti-tumor properties. Further studies on lung lewis carcinoma demonstrated pro-apoptosis effects after the treatment with Ocimum extracts. However, the effect of OS of Indonesian origin in human alveolar pulmonary adenocarcinoma A549 cells remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate effects of ethanolic extract OS (EEOS) in A549 cell culture systems. Cell adhesion and viability assays revealed that EEOS significantly decreased the attachment into extracellular matrix of A549 cells. Morphological examination AO/EB and DAPI staining indicated that EEOS induced the cells shrinkage, DNA fragmentation and condensation of A549 cells. Further, EEOS treatment induced the apoptosis rate followed by up-regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), caspase-3 expression and decreased anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. This condition also suppressed the expression of SOD2 as well as the GPx. In conclusion, our findings indicate that EEOS suppressed the viability of A549 cells, which may result from the activation of ROS promoting the apoptosis signaling via mitochondrial intrinsic pathway. Taken together, EEOS might be a good therapeutic potential to further understand its properties in the treatment of lung carcinoma.

<span>The objective of this research is to examine the effect of global stock indices and marco<span>economic condition of Indonesia to Jakarta Stock Exchange Composite Index (JCI). The <span>global stock indices that had been analyzed in this research are Dow Jones Industrial <span>Average (DJIA), Nikkei 225 (N225), Shanghai Stock Exchange Composite (SSE), Financial <span>Times Stock Exchange 100 (FTSE 100), and Hang Seng Index (HSI). The macro economic <span>indicator that had been analyzed in this research are exchange rate United States dollar to <span>Indonesian rupiah, inflation and BI rate. This research was conducted using secondary data.<br /><span>Research periods are 10 years for 120 months since January 2008 until December 2012. This <span>study was analyzed by using error correction model (ECM). By using this method, it can be <span>analyzed the short and long term influence from the independent variables to the dependent <span>variable with its analysis techniques to correct long term imbalances. The result shows that <span>in short term, only DJIA, exchange rate and BI rate have significant effect on JCI. While in <span>long term, DJIA, N225, SSE, HSI, and BI rate have significant effect on JCI. Adjusted Rsquare value of 0.444987 can illustrate that the dependent variable is explained by the <span>independent variables for 44.499 percent, while the rest are influenced by the other <span>variables.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /></span>

Sigi regency is the main rice supplier for Central Sulawesi Community. Yet the condition of paddy commodity sector in period 2012-2017 faces a decline in harvested area by 5.3%/year. In the conditions after the natural disaster in 2018, it is more decreased, due to the condition of agricultural land which tends to be damaged and bumpy. The study discusses the status of the sustainability of crop production in Sigi Regency using Multi-Dimensional Scaling analysis. The results of the analysis show that the status of sustainability is “moderately sustainable” with a composite value of 59.44. Policy intervention is conducted based on the main leverage factors. In moderate intervention, the status value was increased by 15% and the result was still ‘quite sustainable’. Meanwhile, the optimistic intervention was increased by 28% and the result was “sustainable”. The policy strategy for increasing the sustainability of crops includes the main leverage factors, such as: 1) The management pattern of paddy fields is changed to a corporate farming, 2) Protecting poor farmers by increasing and optimizing timely and targeted assistance, 3) Increasing environmental counseling and marketing, 4) Increasing the extension program on the importance of health infrastructure, and 5) Maintaining an optimal extension center.

<p>The objective of this research is to examine the effect of global stock indices and marco economic condition of Indonesia to Jakarta Stock Exchange Composite Index (JCI). The global stock indices that had been analyzed in this research are Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), Nikkei 225 (N225), Shanghai Stock Exchange Composite (SSE), Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 (FTSE 100), and Hang Seng Index (HSI). The macro economic indicator that had been analyzed in this research are exchange rate United States dollar to Indonesian rupiah, inflation and BI rate. This research was conducted using secondary data. Research periods are 10 years for 120 months since January 2008 until December 2012. This study was analyzed by using error correction model (ECM). By using this method, it can be analyzed the short and long term influence from the independent variables to the dependent variable with its analysis techniques to correct long term imbalances. The result shows that in short term, only DJIA, exchange rate and BI rate have significant effect on JCI. While in long term, DJIA, N225, SSE, HSI, and BI rate have significant effect on JCI. Adjusted R-square value of 0.444987 can illustrate that the dependent variable is explained by the independent variables for 44.499 percent, while the rest are influenced by the other variables.</p><p> </p>

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