Background: Endometriosis is a benign disease that has malignant properties such as genetic polymorphism, loss control of cell proliferation, infiltration, and local spread or to distant places. Several endometriosis studies linking endometrioma/ ovarian endometriosis with an increased risk of ovarian malignancy give rise to a transformation phenomenon of endometriotic cysts into malignancy. Bax is a pro apoptotic protein whose expression decreases in a malignancy. This decrease is related to the poor prognosis of endometrioma and ovarian carcinoma. This study was aimed to identify the expression and the difference of Bax expression between endometrioma and ovarian carcinoma.Materials and Methods: Fifty of paraffin blocks of endometrioma tissue and ovarian carcinoma (serous, mucinous, clear cell, and endometrioid type) were examined by immunohistochemical using Bondmax Full Automatic with specific monoclonal antibody to identify Bax expression. The difference of Bax expression score between endometrioma tissue and ovarian carcinoma was tested by Mann-Whitney test with significant value was set at p<0.05.Results: This study found that mean Bax expression score in endometrioma tissue and ovarian carcinoma was 3.88 and 3.72. No difference of Bax expression between endometrioma tissue and ovarian carcinoma (p>0.05). No difference of Bax expression between the clinical stages and histopathological types of ovarian carcinoma (p>0.05).Conclusion: There are no statistically significant difference in Bax protein expression in ovarian cancer and endometrioma.Keywords: Bax expression, endometrioma, ovarian carcinoma, apoptotic resistance
The incidence of cervical cancer is still quite high. It is never separated from the risk factors that influence it. Some of them are sexually active, relatively young marital age, have high parity, use of contraception, and smoking can increase a woman's potential for cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of patients about the risk factors for cervical cancer in Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan in 2016-2018. This research method uses descriptive observational design with cross sectional using medical record data. The results of this study using consecutive sampling techniques, took 100 samples and obtained several characteristics are age of patients, age of marriage, marriage history, number of parities, use of contraception, and smoking history. From this study it can be concluded that the characteristics of the incidence of cervical cancer in the General Hospital of Haji Adam Malik Medan in 2016-2018 are 50-59 years old, marital age ≤ 20 years old, married once, multigravida, uses injection type of hormonal contraception , and not smoking .
BACKGROUND: Long-term sequelae of cesarean section (CS) is formation of niche in CS surgical scar. Blood glucose involved in wound healing process after CS. AIM: This study was to find correlation of blood glucose level with niche in CS patients. METHODS: This research was an observational and analytic study with case series design conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universitas Sumatera Utara, RSUP H Adam Malik Medan, and Sundari Hospital Medan Starting from July to August 2022. To assess correlation between variables, eta test was used to assess the correlation of blood glucose with incidence of niche. The analysis results were said to be significant if p < 0.05, with 95% CI. RESULTS: Mean of patients were in 21–29 years (70%), multiparity with 12 patients (40%), aterm gestational age with 30 patients (100%), 16 patients (53.3%) with anteflexion uterus, previous CS 2 times were the majority with 9 patients (30%), and 17 patients (56.7%) were elective CS. Incidence of niche was 63.3%. Triangular were the most found niche with 11 patients (36.7%). Mean of total myometrial thickness, depth of niche, and residual myometrial thickness were 5.23 ± 11.2 mm, 2.44 ± 2.75 mm, and 5.23 ± 11.22 mm, respectively. Mean blood sugar level was 103.3 ± 17.4 mg/dl. From eta analysis, there was no correlation between blood glucose levels post-CS patients using eta test with p = 0.872. CONCLUSION: There was no significant correlation between blood glucose levels on niche incidence in post-CS patients.
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