A quaculture is a rapidly growing food sector in the world with global production reaching a peak of 179 million tonnes annually (FAO, 2020). Aquaculture sector is in constant demand and is facing the problems of feed shortage, pathogenic diseases and excessive antibiotic usage. Rapid advancements in the field of nutrition biology, aquaculture technology and the practice of sustainable aquaculture are key factors that contribute for better aquaculture practices (Santis and Jerry, 2007). Fish meal (FM) is an extensively used ingredient in aquaculture owing to its vitamin contents, balanced amino acids, growth factor, and other growth promoting properties (Tacon and Metian, 2008; Goddard et al., 2008). In terms of aquaculture sustainability, extensive use of FM as an aquatic feed has been unyielding due to the shortages in the resource for feed production which in turn increase the cost of FM. Alternative feed sources that have better nutrient profiles and available at a lesser price can be used to make ideal formulations for catering nutritional requirements (Gerile and Pirhonen, 2017; Aleström et al., 2006). Cheap protein sources derived from plant and animal by-products from agriculture, oilseed plants, fisheries, domestic animal sources can research Article Abstract | A comparative analysis on the effects of plant based (PD), animal based (AD) and probiotic based (PrD) diets on growth performance in Danio rerio was investigated. Different diets were administered as either single or combination diet (CD) containing PD, AD and PrD exhibited varying effects on growth and development. The probiotic bacteria isolated from Indian prawn (Penaeus indicus) was identified as Bacillus sp using 16s rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The isolate was characterized by evaluating its ability to survive at different pH, temperature and simulated artificial gastric environment and was further subjected to varying concentrations of salt and organic solvents. Antibiofilm activity of the isolate was evaluated against fish pathogens; Vibrio harveyi (96.1±2.7%), Escherichia coli (96.2±1.5 %,), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (95.3±3.0%) and Staphylococcus aureus (96.7±2.8%). After the end of trail period, growth parameters were evaluated. Weight gain percentage was significantly higher in PrD (15.7±0.08 %) compared to other treatments. (p<0.05). Feed conversion ratio was least in CD (0.35±0.09) and feed efficiency (2.7±0.08) in CD was numerically high compared to other treatments. (p>0.05).The study promotes sustainable aquaculture by the use of alternative aqua feeds derived from plant or animal based sources. The study also highlights the usage of probiotics in improving growth performance, disease resistance in aquatic animals.
The study was aimed at isolating and characterising a potential probiotic bacterium from dried anchovies (Stolephorus indicus) and evaluating its antibacterial, antibiofilm and growth enhancing potential in Danio rerio. The isolate was identified as Bacillus subtilis using 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Probiotic properties were characterised based on the ability of the isolated strain to survive in simulated gastric juice and trypsin. Isolated strain was further subjected to varying pH, temperature, different concentrations of organic solvents to evaluate its potential to tolerate stress. Biofilm inhibition against Vibrio harveyi (31.5±4.6%), Escherichia coli (28.8±4.2 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (34.8±3.1%) and Staphylococcus aureus (34.4±3.75%) was noted. The study showed that the isolate improved the survival rate of Danio rerio against Vibrio harveyi and Escherichia coli. The weight (12.77±0.06) and length (11.413±0.18) gain percentage was numerically (p> 0.05) improved in probiotic supplemented groups as compared to control. The use of probiotics from non-conventional sources can improve the diversity of the available probiotics for aquaculture practices
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