ÖZ INTRODUCTIONLuminescent semiconductor nano crystals of size 1-10 nanometers with rich surface chemistry and unique optical properties are called quantum dots (QDs). Different compounds belonging to group 2 to 4 and 3 to 5, e.g., Ag, Cd, Zn, Hg, Se, Ln, Pb, P, and Te lead to the formation of QDs. These have become an obligatory tool for traceable targeted delivery, biomedical research, and different therapy applications. Longterm fluorescence imaging and the detection of the properties of these nanoparticles (NPs) have made them imperative in biomedical research. Different properties of QDs such as resistance to photobleaching, superior signal brightness, larger absorption coefficients, light emission, and contemporaneous excitation of different fluorescence colors make them unique, as well as indispensable. Advances in quantum surface chemistry studies have led to the development of polymer-encapsulated probes with high fluorescence properties that are stable under complex biologic conditions. To use QDs in biologic studies, it is extremely important to cap or passivate the ZnS or CdS layer around the QD (CdSe). This layering of ZnS or CdS leads to the improvement of the fluorescence quantum yield (QY) of QDs and provides protection against photo-oxidation. QDs have had a major impact in molecular diagnostics and in tissue molecular KKN, ayırt edici özellik olarak, 10 nm'den daha küçük boyutu olan, küçük karbon nanopartiküllerdir ve izlenebilir hedeflenmiş salım, biyomedikal araştırma ve farklı terapi uygulamaları için zorunlu bir araç haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, KKN'nın sentezi, karakterizasyon teknikleri ve biyomedikal uygulamaları ile ilgili güncel literatürü bir araya getirmekti. KKN sentezi için iki tip yapay yöntem yani yukarıdan aşağıya yaklaşım ve aşağıdan yukarıya yaklaşım kullanıldı. Yukarıdan aşağıya doğru yaklaşım, ark boşaltma yöntemini, lazer ablasyon yöntemini ve elektrokimyasal yöntemi içermektedir. Öte yandan aşağıdan yukarı yaklaşım, termal yöntem, mikrodalga destekli yöntem, hidrotermal ve sulu yöntem ve kalıp yöntemini içerir. Bu derlemede, CQD'nin biyomedikal alanda son dönemdeki ilerlemesini, sentetik yöntemlerine, karakterizasyonuna ve farklı uygulamalara odaklanarak açıkladık. Karbon noktaları, in vivo ve in vitro biyolojik görüntüleme ve etken madde salım çalışmaları için kapsamlı yeterliliğe sahiptir. Karbon noktaları için daha fazla sitotoksisite araştırması yapılmasına ihtiyaç duyulmasına rağmen, önceki veriler etken madde salımı ve biyolojik görüntüleme çalışmalarında karbon noktalarının parlak geleceğini göstermektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: Karbon kuantum noktalar, nanopartiküller, kuantum verimi, karbon nokta, fotolüminesans, nanokompozitler CQD are small carbon nanoparticles smallerl than 10 nm comprising distinctive properties, which have become an obligatory tool for traceable targeted delivery, biomedical research, and different therapy applications. The objective of the present work was to consolidate the current literature on the synthesis, characterizati...

Human beings are obsessed with looking beautiful. Hence, various beauty products have been in use to look charming and young. Herbal ingredients are popular worldwide for use in cosmetics. The demand for herbal cosmetic is growing in the world market and is an invaluable gift of nature. Herbal skin cosmetics are formulated using different herbal active ingredients, which are further incorporated in cosmetic base to nourish and cure various skin ailments. Herbal cosmetics are natural and are found to be safe to use as compared to chemical-based cosmetics. Herbal formulations have always attracted considerable attention because they are free from all the harmful synthetic chemicals which otherwise may prove to be toxic to the skin. The bioactive ingredients from plants include antioxidants, vitamins, essential oils, tannins, alkaloids, dyes, carbohydrates, and terpenoids, which are used as cosmetics for care of skin, body, and its other parts. The herbal cosmetics which are used on a daily basis, include herbal cream, face wash, lip balm, herbal conditioners, herbal soap, and herbal shampoo. Cosmetics based on herbal ingredients possess desirable physiological activity such as smoothing appearance, healing, enhancing, and conditioning properties. The cosmetic industry is now focusing on this growing segment with an enormous scope of manifold expansion in coming years. Various herbal active ingredients which are particularly used for skincare are being discussed thoroughly in the current review.