The Amazon basin hosts the Earth's highest diversity of freshwater fish. Fish species have adapted to the basin's size and seasonal dynamics by displaying a broad range of migratory behaviour, but they are under increasing threats; however, no study to date has assessed threats and conservation of Amazonian migratory fishes. Here, the available knowledge on the diversity of migratory behaviour in Amazonian fishes is synthesized, including the geographical scales at which they occur, their drivers and timing, and life stage at which they are performed. Migratory fishes are integral components of Amazonian society. They contribute about 93% (range 77–99%) of the fisheries landings in the basin, amounting to ~US$436 million annually. These valuable fish populations are mainly threatened by growing trends of overexploitation, deforestation, climate change, and hydroelectric dam development. Most Amazonian migratory fish have key ecological roles as apex predators, ecological engineers, or seed‐dispersal species. Reducing their population sizes could induce cascading effects with implications for ecosystem stability and associated services. Conserving Amazonian migratory fishes requires a broad portfolio of research, management, and conservation actions, within an ecosystem‐based management framework at the basin scale. This would require trans‐frontier coordination and recognition of the crucial importance of freshwater ecosystems and their connectivity. Existing areas where fishing is allowed could be coupled with a chain of freshwater protected areas. Management of commercial and subsistence species also needs fisheries activities to be monitored in the Amazonian cities and in the floodplain communities to allow assessments of the status of target species, and the identification of management units or stocks. Ensuring that existing and future fisheries management rules are effective implies the voluntary participation of fishers, which can be achieved by increasing the effectiveness and coverage of adaptive community‐based management schemes.

The present study characterises the commercial fisheries of the basin of the Xingu River, a major tributary of the Amazon River, between the towns of Gurupá (at the mouth of the Amazon) and São Félix do Xingu. Between April, 2012, and March, 2014, a total of 23,939 fishing trips were recorded, yielding a total production of 1,484 tons of fish, harvested by almost three thousand fishers. The analysis of the catches emphasizes the small-scale and artisanal nature of the region's fisheries, with emphasis on the contribution of the motorised canoes powered by "long-tail" outboard motors. Larger motorboats operate only at the mouth of the Xingu and on the Amazon. Peacock bass (Cichla spp.), croakers (Plagioscion spp.), pacu (a group containing numerous serrasalmid species), aracu (various anostomids), and curimatã (Prochilodus nigricans) together contributed more than 60% of the total catch. Mean catch per unit effort was 18 kg/fisher, which varied among fishing methods (type of vessel and fishing equipment used), river sections, and time of the year. In most cases, yields varied little between years (2012 and 2013). The technical database provided by this study constitutes an important resource for the regulation of the region's fisheries, as well as for the evaluation of future changes resulting from the construction of the Belo Monte dam on the Xingu River.Keywords: fish production, fishers, fishing effort, fishery yield. Pescarias artesanais da bacia do Rio Xingu na Amazônia Brasileira ResumoEste trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a pesca comercial de consumo na bacia do rio Xingu, afluente do rio Amazonas, no trecho entre a cidade de Gurupá (localizada na foz do Rio Amazonas) até São Félix do Xingu, no estado do Pará, Brasil. No período de abril de 2012 a março de 2014 foram registradas 23.939 viagens de pesca, totalizando uma produção de 1.484 toneladas de pescado, obtidas por quase 3.000 pescadores. A análise dos dados oriundos do monitoramento dos desembarques demonstrou que a pesca na região tem caráter artesanal de pequena escala, destacando-se a participação de canoas motorizadas que utilizam um motor de popa chamado "rabeta". Os barcos motorizados atuam somente na foz do rio Xingu e no rio Amazonas. Tucunaré (Cichla spp), pescada-branca (Plagioscion spp), pacu (várias espécies de Serrasalmidae), aracu (várias espécies de Anostomidae) e curimatã (Prochilodus nigricans) perfazem mais de 60% do total capturado. A captura média por unidade de esforço é de 18 kg.pescador -1 .dia -1 e muda dependendo da modalidade de pesca (tipo de embarcação e arte de pesca), do pesqueiro utilizado e da época do ano. Na maior parte dos casos, não encontramos diferenças nos rendimentos de 2012 e 2013. As informações técnicas geradas são importantes para subsidiar ações de ordenamento pesqueiro, bem como para avaliar futuras mudanças que possam ocorrer na atividade frente à construção da barragem de Belo Monte no Rio Xingu.Palavras-chave: produção pesqueira, pescadores, esforço de pesca, rendimentos pesqueiros.

Gilded catfish Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii (Castelnau, 1855) is a heavily exploited Amazon Basin fishing resource without management measures till nowadays. Thus, the present research aims to describe the fishing gilded catfish dynamics in the Lower Amazon, analyzing Santarém-PA fish landings. A total of 14,428 fishing landings were recorded, from January 1993 to December 2003, with a total production of 3,413 tones. The gilded catfish was caught mainly in the river channels by motorized vessels with ice storage. The main gear used are gillnets driftnet through ‘bubuia’ technique. The catch per unit effort was 13.80 kg/fisher*day. The average price of first sale ranged from R$ 2.40 to R$ 6.20 per kg. The fishing of gilded catfish (B. rousseauxii) presents a seasonal pattern associated with the hydrological cycle, in that the reduction in the level of the river includes the period of harvest. This research highlighted regional importance of this fishing resource in an era of increasing food security and human nutritional concerns, especially in developing countries.

The study analyzed the fishery parameters and population dynamics of the silver croaker, Plagioscion squamosissimus, and its exploitation status, before the damming of the Xingu River by the Belo Monte hydroelectric dam. Silver croaker was caught throughout the year, with a total production of 239 tons. Estimated Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) was 14.16 kg.fisher-1.day-1. The mean price paid to the fishers for a kilogram of silver croaker ranged from US$1.89 to US$3.28. Mean longevity estimated was 7.68 years. The total mortality (Z) was calculated at approximately 1.44 year-1, natural mortality (M) was 0.76 year-1, fishery mortality (F) was 0.68 year-1, and the current exploitation rate (E) was 0.47 year-1. The study highlights the importance of P. squamosissimus as a fishery resource in the Xingu region and provides important insights for the development of future fishery management strategies and conservation of the species stocks.

O presente estudo busca utilizar a experiência didática dos museus como instrumentos de sensibilização social, com o objetivo de proporcionar discussões sobre o acesso à cultura de forma igualitária, se aproveitando de um período de adversidade mundial, como o decorrido pela COVID-19. O emprego da sensibilização por meio das artes servirá como alternativa para combater a exclusão sistêmica da população, que acabam ficando alijadas de conhecer as artes, constituindo verdadeiras vítimas de modelos desiguais. A eleição dos museus foi motivada pelos projetos inovadores que vêm permitindo à sociedade, em momentos de incertezas e angústias, de encontrar alternativas sensibilizadoras para combater problemas estruturais históricos. As medidas de inclusão apresentadas por essas Instituições Culturais ampliaram os horizontes para a descoberta dos legados históricos dos seres humanos. Razão pela qual esses esforços representam marcos importantes para mudanças de paradigmas e, principalmente, na possibilidade das expressões culturais estarem mais próximas dos indivíduos, despertando emoções e incentivando o desenvolvimento de suas identidades. O estudo apresentou uma abordagem metodológica baseada em dados bibliográficos e documentais, utilizando uma abordagem qualitativa sob método dedutivo.

A COVID-19 trouxe consigo um período de novos hábitos e incertezas para toda a sociedade mundial, gerando impactos em especial na educação. Diante deste cenário, o presente estudo tem como objetivo sensibilizar os acadêmicos da Universidade Federal de Roraima, demonstrado através da arte que a história traz relatos de diversos momentos que a humanidade foi assolada por doenças e que estes períodos foram superados, bem como, oferecer recursos suficientes para saber como essa situação surgiu em outros momentos da história e desenvolver a sensibilidade artística, critérios estéticos, como fonte de enriquecimento cultural . Para tal, utilizou-se 5 (cinco) obras artísticas, sendo 3 (três) filmes e 2 (duas) pinturas, como forma de propagação da história da temática em questão. Ao fim o aluno deve conhecer e avaliar de forma crítica as diferentes realidades do mundo atual, seus fatores de evolução, bem como, refletir as diferentes abordagens decorrentes da pandemia da COVID-19.

The giant catfishes Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii, Brachyplatystoma vaillantii and Brachyplatystoma filamentosum are important environmental, social and economic resources in the Amazon. However, anthropogenic environmental changes, such as climate change, deforestation, overexploitation of water resources and damming of rivers, threaten the conservation of this fishery. The aims of this study were to investigate temporal trends and elucidate global and regional environmental drivers of catch for these species of giant catfish in the Amazon. Using annualised catch data (1993–2010), we tested for linear trends using Mann–Kendall tests and built multilinear models of fish catch using effort and a variety of regional and global hydrological and meteorological series. We found a significant decline in the catches of B. rousseauxii and B. filamentosum, whereas the B. vaillantii catch increased. Total catch had a significant positive correlation with fishing effort, and variation in sea surface temperature (SST) explained an additional 19–38% of the variability of catches. Other hydrological and climate variables were weakly correlated or uncorrelated with catch. Overall, these results argue strongly for a resumption the collection of fishing statistics in the Amazon. In addition, associations between SST and catch suggest that conservation of these long-distance migrants must consider both regional and global drivers of fisheries change.