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Objective: This study investigates the impact of dental fluorosis on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among 11-to 14-year-old school children in endemic fluoride areas of Haryana (India). Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2,200 school children in endemic fluoride areas of Haryana. Using cluster random sampling, three districts out of 14 endemic fluoride districts were selected, and children 11-14 years of age were examined. A child perception questionnaire (CPQ 11-14) (Hindi version) evaluated the impact of dental fluorosis on OHRQoL. The Thylstrup-Fejerskov index (TFI) was used for assessing dental fluorosis. The data were analysed using SPSS version 18, and non-parametric tests were used to assess the significance. The regression analysis was used to determine the effect of change in CPQ scores with dental fluorosis at P < 0.05. Results: The study participants included 45.3% males and 54.7% females among which mild to moderate level of dental fluorosis was identified with mean mean TFI Scores being 3.19 AE 1.55. Children without dental fluorosis had 1.17 times more odd of percieving their oral health as excellent/good when compared to children with dental fluorosis (P < 0.05). Study subjects with dental fluorosis did not have higher mean CPQ 11-14 domain and total scores when compared with subjects without dental fluorosis. Conclusion: It can be concluded that mild dental fluorosis did not affect the OHRQoL of the children in the endemic fluoride areas of Haryana in India.

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Recently, cone beam CT (CBCT) systems have been developed specifically for the maxillofacial region in which the radiation is less and can be used in a wide range of patients. [9] Previous studies have confirmed that volumetric measurements of airways with CBCT are accurate and with minimal error. [10] CBCT allows to easily differentiate between the hard and soft tissues as it has different gray level intensities. It allows the segmentation and visualization of hollow structures such as the airway in 3D. Thus, with the 3D imaging, we are moving

Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to assess the nature and prevalence of misconduct in self and nonself-reported biomedical research. Materials and Methods: A detailed review of previously conducted studies was conducted through PubMed Central, PubMed, and Google Scholar using MeSH terms: “scientific misconduct,” “Publications,” “plagiarism,” and “authorship,” and keywords: scientific misconduct, gift authorship, ghost authorship, and duplicate publication. MeSH terms and keywords were searched in combinations using Boolean operators “AND” and “OR.” Of 7771 articles that appeared in the search, 107 were selected for inspection. The articles were screened for their quality and inclusion criteria. Finally, 16 articles were selected for meta-analysis. Data analysis was conducted using an Open-Source, Open Meta Analyst, statistical software using the package “metaphor.” Results: Plagiarism, data fabrication, and falsification were prevalent in most articles reviewed. The prevalence of research misconduct for plagiarism was 4.2% for self-reported and 27.9% for nonself-reported studies. Data fabrication was 4.5% in self-reported and 21.7% in nonself-reported studies. Data falsification was 9.7% in self-reported and 33.4% in nonself-reported studies, with significant heterogeneity. Conclusion: This meta-analysis gives a pooled estimate of the misconduct in research done in biomedical fields such as medicine, dental, pharmacy, and others across the world. We found that there is an alarming rate of misconduct in recent nonself-reported studies, and they were higher than that in the self-reported studies.

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The optimal timing for orthodontic treatment is linked intimately to the identification of periods of craniofacial growth that can contribute significantly to the treatment of patients with skeletal discrepancies. The periods of rapid growth have marked beneficial effects on orthodontic treatment. The importance of determining the timing of this maximum rate has led many investigators to develop biological scales in hopes of finding reliable predictors of the growth-spurt. [1,2] In this context, potential predictors of growth-spurt timing range from sexual maturation characteristics, chronologic age, dental development, height, and weight to ossification events in the skeleton. Skeletal maturation staging from radiographic analysis is a widely used approach to predict timing of pubertal growth.Using hand-wrist radiographs to assess skeletal maturity was first described by Todd [3] in the atlas of skeletal maturation. Later Greulich and Pyle [4] developed their atlas for determining skeletal age; to this day, it is the most widely used method for assessing skeletal maturity. This atlas, however, does not describe a specific method for reading the radiographs; this is a reason that Tanner et al. [5] developed the Tanner-Whitehouse 2 (TW2) method. This technique differs in that it uses a