BACKGROUND:The state of Madhya Pradesh has 1.3 million severely malnourished children. Nutrition rehabilitation centers (NRCs) were started in the state to control severe malnutrition and decrease the prevalence of severe malnourished children to less than 1% among children aged 1-5 years. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of nutritional interventional measures for children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) admitted in Nutrition Rehabilitation Center by reviewing anthropometric indicators. Material and methods: The present study was conducted from July 2014 to December 2014; all children admitted during the study period in NRC civil hospital Bairagarh, Bhopal were observed during their stay at NRC to analyze the effect of interventional measures on select anthropometric and outcome indicators. The data were entered into Microsoft excel spreadsheet and analyzed. RESULT: 61.8 % of the total 102 children admitted were female, 42.1% were in the age group of 13-24 months and 34.3% in the age group of 0-12 months. About 60% of the population belonged to schedule caste and tribe. The mean weight at admission was 6.4 kg and on discharge 7.09 kg. Of the total 102, 8 children defaulted and 92 were discharged amongst them 66.3% were recovered. CONCLUSION: The study reveals a proportion of 66.3% children amongst the study group recovered with at least 15% weight gain of initial weight
BACKGROUND:Tobacco use is a major proven risk factor and contributes substantially to the rising epidemic of non-communicable diseases. OBJECTIVE: 1.To study the prevalence of the use of smokeless tobacco/smoking amongst the school going children.2. To study the risk factors associated with tobacco use in the adolescents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a Crosssectional study. By simple random technique one private and one government school were selected after enlisting all the schools of Bhopal. All the adolescent students of class ninth to twelfth standard were interviewed. Statistical analysis was done using proportions and chi -square test. RESULT: In this study the prevalence was 15.95%. Smoking is the most common form of using tobacco by adolescents than tobacco chewing. Main inducing factor for addiction was found to be self for fun (55%) than friends (36%). Tobacco consumption significantly associated with habit in relatives (Chisquare = 58.5 p value < 0.001). There were no significant association for tobacco use amongst the students of government and private schools. CONCLUSION: Habit in relatives and friends is major predisposing factor towards the addiction.
Background: Eclampsia is defined as the occurrence of one or more convulsions in association with raised blood pressure and proteinuria in a pregnant or puerperal woman, usually between 20 weeks’ gestation and the first 48 hours postpartum. Maternal mortality in India due to eclampsia is 2 to 30% and perinatal mortality is 30 to 50%. Abnormal findings on neuroimaging have been noted in as many as 80-90% of women with eclampsia. Most common lesions are seen in parieto-occipital lobes in the distribution of posterior cerebral arteries. This lesion occurs as a result of vasogenic oedema induced by endothelial damage and other changes contributing to pathophysiology of eclampsia. Objectives of present work were to study involvement of different areas of brain in eclampsia and to study maternal and fetal outcomes.Methods: This is a prospective study done over a period of 6 months the study population were chosen by random sampling who were eclampsia patients admitted trough emergency and also indoor patients who develop eclampsia after admission. Total 12 patients were analyzed. CT scan of brain performed after confinement of fetus and after stabilising the mother. Maternal and fetal outcomes were observed in these cases.Results: 58.33% (7cases) eclamptic mothers were primigravida and 41.66% (5 cases) were multigravida. Among them 16.66% (2 cases) had postpartum eclampsia while 83.33% (10 cases) had antepartum eclampsia. 75% mothers delivered by vaginal route and 25% mothers undergone LSCS. There were 14 births including 2 twin deliveries, out which 12 were live births and 2 Intra uterine deaths. On CT Scan- Brain stem edema was seen in 9 cases, infarction in 1case, hemorrhage in 1case and in 1 case CT was normal. Most common lobe involved is parietal (10 cases) followed by occipital (7 cases), frontal (4 cases), temporal (3 cases).Conclusions: Early recognition of the disorder and prompt management by control of blood pressure, removal of the offending medications or treatment of associated diseases is essential to prevent irreversible brain damage. CT scan of brain in eclampsia can provide useful intra cerebral information and should be done in cases with severe neurologic manifestations, if possible for every eclamptic mother.
Background: The Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC), the flagship sanitation program launched by Government of India, is to cover all households with water and sanitation facilities, and promote hygienic behaviour for overall improvement of health of the rural population, so as to reach the Millennium Development Goals. But this program has not yet achieved its set targets. Aims & Objectives: To study the implementation status of TSC and utilization of sanitary services. Materials and Methods: It was a comparative cross sectional study, in which, house to house survey was conducted in selected districts of Madhya Pradesh, to assess the coverage and usage of toilets in study population. Results: In this study, 100% households had access to individual, community or shared toilets but only around 81.56% were using toilets. Main reason for toilet construction was government provided subsidy. Most people used public hand pumps for drinking & using water. Lack of resources combined with negligence by the Sarpanch/ Panchayat members in not constructing an individual household latrine was also found. Non-functionality of toilets in school was due to lack of water and the toilets too were not clean. The disposal of solid waste was either in the form of dumping and indiscriminate throwing. Conclusion: The progress of TSC in the State has been quite encouraging with an increase in NGP awardees. Keeping in view the current increase in demand for sanitation services, it is anticipated that the state will achieve full sanitation coverage in near future.
BACKGROUND: Death of fetus in -utero is both devastating to the couple and of concern to the clinician. Stillbirth is one of the most common adverse out-come of pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: 1.To study the status of still birth in Sultania Zanana Hospital. 2. To find out the causes and risk factors associated with still birth. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross -sectional study was carried out at SZ Hospital Bhopal during 1 st August 2011 to 31 st July 2012. A predesigned and pretested profarma was used to collect information from the mothers who had stillbirth regarding maternal age, parity, antenatal care, obstetric causes and medical conditions. Analysis was done using proportions and chi-square test. RESULT: There were a total of 10662 deliveries with 473 still births giving a still birth rate of 44.3/1000 total births. Women who had still births 88.73% were in the age group 20-34yrs, 45.66% were nullipara.53.06% had not taken any antenatal care. The major causes were APH 128 (27.06%), PIH (Preeclampsia, eclampsia) 114 (24.1%) and maternal medical conditions 34 (7.1%) of stillbirths. Majority 293 (61.94%) were ante partum stillbirths. CONCLUSION: Study showed a high rate of stillbirth, the major causes were ante partum hemorrhage, pregnancy induced hypertension and maternal medical conditions.
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