In this article the authors apply Relational-Cultural Theory to pet therapy in correctional institutions. An important premise is that when pet therapy is used in prisons a symbiotic relationship develops between pets and prison inmates which, at the same time, improve their relationships with people themselves. Relational-Cultural Theory posits that relationships with individuals are not just a means to an end. Rather, good relationships promote growth and healthy development; they also cultivate reciprocal empathy. Hence, a major reason of suffering for most people is their experience of isolation; healing can occur in growth-fostering relationships.
Background: Previous studies have shown that burn-elicited stress signals alter expression of certain murine endogenous retroviruses (MuERVs) in distant organs of mice. These findings suggest that MuERVs may participate in a network of pathophysiologic events during post-burn systemic response. To gain a better understanding of the biological roles of MuERVs in post-burn systemic response, we examined the genome-wide changes in the MuERV expression profiles in distant organs and the biological properties of the putative-burn related MuERVs were characterized.
To elucidate molecular events in the lipotoxicity pathway, we used retroviral promoter trap mutagenesis to generate a mutant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line resistant to palmitate‐induced cell death. In this mutant, insertion of the provirus has disrupted one allele of the non‐coding RNA (ncRNA) growth arrest DNA‐damage inducible gene 7 (gadd7), creating a model of haploinsufficiency. Knockdown of gadd7 in wild type (wt) cells also causes palmitate‐resistance. Because reactive oxygen species (ROS) induces gadd7 and palmitate generates ROS, we hypothesized that palmitate induces gadd7 expression in a ROS‐dependent manner. Palmitate treatment of wt cells induces gadd7 expression, but this is diminished by co‐treatment with an antioxidant. Although gadd7 haploinsufficient cells generate ROS in response to palmitate, induction is decreased compared to wt cells. These data suggest a feed forward loop between gadd7 and ROS generation. Since ROS generation contributes to palmitate‐induced ER stress, we assessed gadd7's role in palmitate‐induced ER stress. Induction of ER stress related genes is significantly reduced in palmitate treated gadd7 haploinsufficient and knockdown cells, indicating that gadd7 expression is necessary for palmitate‐induced ER stress. Together these data implicate a ncRNA in propagation of oxidative stress and in regulation of ER stress responses.NIH F31 (RT) and DK064989 (JES)
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