Genome-wide changes in expression profile of murine endogenous retroviruses (MuERVs) in distant organs after burn injury

Lee, Youngkwan; Chew, Alex; Fitzsimon, Lauren; Thomas, Rita; Greenhalgh, David G.; Cho, Ki-Ho

doi:10.1186/1471-2164-8-440

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Data from our laboratory reveal that a substantial number of full-length MuERVs (MuLV-type) with intact coding potentials for all three essential polypeptides are likely to be involved in postburn injury response (8). Interestingly, we observed that treatment of control no-burn animals with anesthetic agents (isoflurane and ketamine/xylazine) alone followed by resuscitation with saline and narcotics affects the expression of certain MuERVs (8).…”

Section: Micementioning

confidence: 83%

“…Interestingly, we observed that treatment of control no-burn animals with anesthetic agents (isoflurane and ketamine/xylazine) alone followed by resuscitation with saline and narcotics affects the expression of certain MuERVs (8). Murine leukemia viruses have been regarded as simple retroviruses because their coding potentials are reported to be limited only to three essential polypeptides in conjunction with their splicing potentials.…”

Section: Micementioning

confidence: 99%

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Endogenous Retroviruses in Systemic Response to Stress Signals

Cho

Lee

Greenhalgh

2008

Shock

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Infection of germline cells with retroviruses initiates permanent proviral colonization of the germline genome. The germline-integrated proviruses, called endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), are inherited to offspring in a Mendelian order and belong to the transposable element family. Endogenous retroviruses and other long terminal repeat retroelements constitute ~8% and ~10% of the human and mouse genomes, respectively. It is likely that each individual has a distinct genomic ERV profile. Recent studies have revealed that a substantial fraction of ERVs retains the coding potentials necessary for virion assembly and replication. There are several layers of potential mechanisms controlling ERV expression: intracellular transcription environment (e.g., transcription factor pool, splicing machinery, hormones), epigenetic status of the genome (e.g., proviral methylation, histone acetylation), profile of transcription regulatory elements on each ERV's promoter, and a range of stress signals (e.g., injury, infection, environment). Endogenous retroviruses may exert pathophysiologic effects by infection followed by random reintegration into the genome, by their gene products (e.g., envelope, superantigen), and by altering the expression of neighboring genes. Several studies have provided evidence that ERVs are associated with a range of pathogenic processes involving multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, breast cancer, and the response to burn injury. For instance, the proinflammatory properties of the human ERV-W envelope protein play a central role in demyelination of oligodendrocytes. As reviewed in this article, recent advances in ERV biology and mammalian genomics suggest that ERVs may have a profound influence on various pathogenic processes including the response to injury and infection. Understanding the roles of ERVs in the pathogenesis of injury and infection will broaden insights into the underlying mechanisms of systemic immune disorder and organ failure in these patients.

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Section: Micementioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Micementioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous Retroviruses in Systemic Response to Stress Signals

Cho

Lee

Greenhalgh

2008

Shock

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“…However, it has been reported that some other MuERV families, such as MLV type-ERVs and MMTV type-ERVs, were expressed in mice under both normal and stress conditions in a tissue specific manner (Lee et al 2007; Cho et al 2008; Lee et al 2011). In this experiment, the expression of MDL-ERVs was examined in seven different tissues (brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, spleen, and thymus) of 12 week-old C57BL/6J female mice.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous reports have suggested that ERVs and their gene products participate in a range of pathobiologic processes in humans and animals, such as placental morphogenesis, neuronal degeneration, response to injury, and inflammation (Harris 1998); Christensen 2005; Lee et al 2007). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a group of Mus dunni endogenous virus-like endogenous retroviruses from the C57BL/6J mouse genome: proviral genomes, strain distribution, expression characteristics, and genomic integration profile

et al. 2012

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About 10 % of the mouse genome is occupied by sequences associated with endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). However, a comprehensive profile of the mouse ERVs and related elements has not been established yet. In this study, we identified a group of ERVs from the mouse genome and characterized their biological properties. Using a custom ERV mining protocol, 191 ERVs (159 loci reported previously and 32 new loci), tentatively named Mus dunni endogenous virus (MDEV)-like ERVs (MDL-ERVs), were mapped on the C57BL/6J mouse genome. Seven of them retained putative full coding potentials for three retroviral polypeptides (gag, pol, and env). Among the 57 mouse strains examined, all but the Mus pahari/Ei strain had PCR amplicons corresponding to a conserved MDL-ERV region. Interestingly, the Mus caroli/EiJ’s amplicon was somewhat larger than the others, coinciding with a substantial phylogenetic distance between the MDL-ERV populations of Mus caroli/EiJ and C57BL/6J strains. MDLERVs were highly expressed in the lung, spleen, and thymus of C57BL/6J mice compared to the brain, heart, kidney, and liver. Seven MDL-ERVs were mapped in the introns of six annotated genes. Of interest, some MDL-ERVs were mapped periodically on three clusters in the chromosome X. The finding that these MDL-ERVs were one of several types of retroelements, which form mosaic-repeat units of tandem arrays, suggests that the formation of the mosaicrepeat unit preceded the tandem arrangement event. Further studies are warranted to understand the biological roles of MDL-ERVs in both normal and pathologic conditions.

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“…Genomic sequences dedicated to conventional protein-coding genes only comprise ~3 % of the human genome while HERVs and related elements make up ~8 % (Lander et al, 2001; Venter et al, 2001). Our recent findings that burn-incited stressors differentially activate ERVs in mice and that some murine ERV gene products harbor pro-inflammatory potential led us to investigate HERV responses in burn patients (Kwon et al, 2009; Lee et al, 2007; Lee et al, 2011; Lee et al, 2008). It is possible that HERVs and other human genomic elements, such as small interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) and long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs), could also participate in burn-elicited pathologic events.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergent and dynamic activity of endogenous retroviruses in burn patients and their inflammatory potential

Lee

Rah

Green

et al. 2014

Experimental and Molecular Pathology

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Genes constitute ~3% of the human genome, whereas human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) represent ~8%. We examined post-burn HERV expression in patients’ blood cells, and the inflammatory potentials of the burn-associated HERVs were evaluated. Buffy coat cells, collected at various time points from 11 patients, were screened for the expression of eight HERV families, and we identified their divergent expression profiles depending on patient, HERV, and time point. The population of expressed HERV sequences was patient-specific, suggesting HERVs’ inherent genomic polymorphisms and/or differential expression potentials depending on characteristics of patients and courses of injury response. Some HERVs were shared among the patients, while the others were divergent. Interestingly, one burn-associated HERV gag gene from a patient’s genome induced IL-6, IL-1β, Ptgs-2, and iNOS. These findings demonstrate that injury stressors initiate divergent HERV responses depending on patient, HERV, and disease course and implicate HERVs as genetic elements contributing to polymorphic injury pathophysiology.

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Genome-wide changes in expression profile of murine endogenous retroviruses (MuERVs) in distant organs after burn injury

Cited by 8 publications

References 55 publications

Endogenous Retroviruses in Systemic Response to Stress Signals

Endogenous Retroviruses in Systemic Response to Stress Signals

Identification of a group of Mus dunni endogenous virus-like endogenous retroviruses from the C57BL/6J mouse genome: proviral genomes, strain distribution, expression characteristics, and genomic integration profile

Divergent and dynamic activity of endogenous retroviruses in burn patients and their inflammatory potential

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