In December 2019, a striking appearance of new cases of viral pneumonia in Wuhan led to the detection of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2). By analyzing patients with severe manifestations, it became apparent that 20 to 35% of patients who died had preexisting cardiovascular disease. This finding warrants the important need to discuss the influence of SARS-CoV2 infection on the cardiovascular system and hemodynamics in the context of clinical management, particularly during mechanical ventilation. The SARS-CoV2 enters human cells through the spike protein binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is important to cardiovascular modulation and endothelial signaling. As ACE2 is highly expressed in lung tissue, patients have been progressing to acute respiratory injury at an alarming frequency during the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Moreover, COVID-19 leads to high D-dimer levels and prothrombin time, which indicates a substantial coagulation disorder. It seems that an overwhelming inflammatory and thrombogenic condition is responsible for a mismatching of ventilation and perfusion, with a somewhat near-normal static lung compliance, which describes two types of pulmonary conditions. As such, positive pressure during invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) must be applied with caution. The authors of this review appeal to the necessity of paying closer attention to assess microhemodynamic repercussion, by monitoring central venous oxygen saturation during strategies of IMV. It is well known that a severe respiratory infection and a scattered inflammatory process can cause non-ischemic myocardial injury, including progression to myocarditis. Early strategies that guide clinical decisions can be lifesaving and prevent extended myocardial damage. Moreover, cardiopulmonary failure refractory to standard treatment may necessitate the use of extreme therapeutic strategies, such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Sub-xyphoid pleural drain determined better functional capacity and exercise tolerance with a smaller pulmonary shunt fraction and improved clinical outcomes compared with intercostal pleural drainage after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery.

ObjectiveTo report the early results of the BYPASS project - the Brazilian registrY of adult Patient undergoing cArdiovaScular Surgery - a national, observational, prospective, and longitudinal follow-up registry, aiming to chart a profile of patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery in Brazil, assessing the data harvested from the initial 1,722 patients.MethodsData collection involved institutions throughout the whole country, comprising 17 centers in 4 regions: Southeast (8), Northeast (5), South (3), and Center-West (1). The study population consists of patients over 18 years of age, and the types of operations recorded were: coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), mitral valve, aortic valve (either conventional or transcatheter), surgical correction of atrial fibrillation, cardiac transplantation, mechanical circulatory support and congenital heart diseases in adults.Results83.1% of patients came from the public health system (SUS), 9.6% from the supplemental (private insurance) healthcare systems; and 7.3% from private (out-of -pocket) clinic. Male patients comprised 66%, 30% were diabetics, 46% had dyslipidemia, 28% previously sustained a myocardial infarction, and 9.4% underwent prior cardiovascular surgery. Patients underwent coronary artery bypass surgery were 54.1% and 31.5% to valve surgery, either isolated or combined. The overall postoperative mortality up to the 7th postoperative day was 4%; for CABG was 2.6%, and for valve operations, 4.4%.ConclusionThis first report outlines the consecution of the Brazilian surgical cardiac database, intended to serve primarily as a tool for providing information for clinical improvement and patient safety and constitute a basis for production of research protocols.

Objective: To identify and describe the profile of patients placed on a single waiting list for renal transplantation in the state of São Paulo. Methods: Cross-sectional epidemiological study of quantitative approach to identify and describe the profile of patients placed on a single waiting list for renal transplantation. In the period from 2009 to 2015, a survey was conducted in the databases of the Notification, Collection and Distribution Center of Organs of the Single Technical Registry, and the following characteristics were established as variables: clinical, demographic and information related to the convocation result. The sample included 12,415 patients undergoing hemodialysis who were simultaneously registered for renal transplantation. The Chi-Square and Student's t-test were used for descriptive statistical analysis and the Kaplan-Meier estimate was used for significance. Results: A total of 12,415 patients were included, mean age was 50 years, male gender (59.6%), white color (63.1%), blood type O (48.9%), metropolitan region of São Paulo (73.82%), unspecified diagnosis (34.5%), did not undergo transplantation (77.2%), and without clinical conditions to perform the transplant (99.8%). Conclusion: Knowing the profile of patients with chronic kidney disease on the single waiting list allows the development of new health care strategies for reducing mainly morbidity and mortality rates. There is lack in meeting the care demands and high rates of refusal. ResumoObjetivo: Identificar e descrever o perfil dos pacientes inscritos em lista única de espera para a realização do transplante renal no estado de São Paulo. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico transversal com abordagem quantitativa para identificar e descrever o perfil dos pacientes inscritos em fila única de espera para o transplante renal. Realizou-se levantamento nas bases de dados da Central de Notificação, Captação e Distribuição de Órgãos do Cadastro Técnico Único, estabelecendo-se como variáveis as características clínicas, demográficas e relativas ao desfecho de convocação no período de período de 2009 a 2015. A amostra foi composta por 12.415 pacientes que realizavam hemodiálise e paralelo ao tratamento encontravam-se inscritos para a realização do transplante renal. Para análise estatística descritiva, utilizou-se os testes QuiQuadrado, t de Student e para significância Kaplan Meier. Resultados: Foram incluídos 12.415 pacientes, identificou-se média de idade de 50 anos, sexo masculino (59,6%), cor branca (63,1%), tipo sanguíneo O (48,9%), região metropolitana de São Paulo (73,82%), diagnóstico não especificado (34,5%), não realizaram transplante (77,2%) e sem condições clínicas de realizar o transplante (99,8%). Conclusão: Conhecer o perfil dos pacientes com doença renal crônica que aguardam em lista única nos permite traçar novas estratégias de cuidados em saúde para redução principalmente das taxas de morbidade e mortalidade. Nota-se carência de atendimento da demanda e altos índices de recusa.

Resumo A partir da avaliação dos fatores que incidem na qualidade de vida (QV) é possível planejar as intervenções que proporcionam melhoria

ObjectiveTo evaluate the lung function and clinical outcome in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting with left internal thoracic artery graft, comparing the pleural drain insertion in the intercostal versus subxyphoid region.MethodsA randomized controlled trial. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients were randomized into two groups according pleural drain site: II group (n=27) - pleural drain in intercostal space; SI group (n=29) - pleural drain in the subxyphoid region. Spirometry values (Forced Vital Capacity - and Forced expiratory volume in 1 second) were obtained on preoperative and 1, 3 and 5 postoperative days. Chest x-ray from preoperative until postoperative day 5 (POD5) was performed for monitoring respiratory events, such as atelectasis and pleural effusion. Pulmonary shunt fraction and pain score was evaluate preoperatively and on postoperative day 1.ResultsIn both groups there was a significant decrease of the spirometry values (Forced Vital Capacity and Forced expiratory volume in 1 second) until POD5 (P<0.05). However, when compared, SI group presented less decrease in these parameters (P<0.05). Pulmonary shunt fraction was significantly lower in SI group (P<0.05). Respiratory events, pain score, orotracheal intubation time and postoperative length of hospital stay were lower in the SI group (P<0.05).ConclusionSubxyphoid pleural drainage in severe Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients determined better preservation and recovery of pulmonary capacity and volumes with lower pulmonary shunt fraction and better clinical outcomes on early postoperative off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

BackgroundStudies have shown the impact of atrial fibrillation (AF) on the patients' quality of life. Specific questionnaires enable the evaluation of relevant events. We previously developed a questionnaire to assess the quality of life of patients with AF (AFQLQ version 1), which was reviewed in this study, and new domains were added.ObjectiveTo demonstrate the reproducibility of the AFQLQ version 2 (AFQLQ v.2), which included the domains of fatigue, illness perception and well-being.MethodsWe applied 160 questionnaires (AFQLQ v.2 and SF-36) to 40 patients, at baseline and 15 days after, to measure inter- and intraobserver reproducibility. The analysis of quality of life stability was determined by test-retest, applying the Bartko intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha test.ResultsThe total score of the test-retest (n = 40) had an ICC of 0.98 in the AFQLQ v.2, and of 0.94 in the SF36. In assessing the intra- and interobserver reproducibility of the AFQLQ v.2, the ICC reliability was 0.98 and 0.97, respectively. The internal consistency had a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.82, compatible with good agreement of the AFQLQ v.2.ConclusionThe AFQLQ v.2 performed better than its previous version. Similarly, the domains added contributed to make it more comprehensive and robust to assess the quality of life of patients with AF.

How to cite this article: Machado RC, Gironés P, Souza AR, Moreira RSL, von Jakitsch CB, Branco JNR. Nursing care protocol for patients with a ventricular assist device. Rev Bras Enferm [Internet]. 2017;70(2):335-41. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0363Submission: 07-21-2016Approval: 10-15-2016 ABSTRACT Objective: to develop and validate a nursing care protocol for patients with a ventricular assist device (VAD). Method: descriptive study, with a quantitative approach, for an instrument's methodological validation. Three stages were conducted: development of the instrument; protocol content validation according to the Delphi technique, and agreement among experts and the scientifi c literature. Results: based on the content validation, a care protocol for patients with a VAD was created and assessed by Spanish experts. Of the 15 items evaluated by means of the content validity index (CVI), 10 presented solid evidence of validation, with Kappa ranging between 0.87 and 1. Conclusion: the method enabled the validation of interventions that will contribute to qualifi ed and standardized care for patients with a VAD. Descriptors: Heart Failure; Assisted Circulation; Validation Studies; Protocols; Nursing Care. RESUMO Objetivo: elaborar e validar um protocolo de cuidados de enfermagem a pacientes com dispositivo de assistência ventricular (DAV). Método: estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa de validação metodológica de instrumento. Seguiram-se três etapas: elaboração do instrumento; validação do conteúdo do protocolo segundo a técnica de Delphi e concordância entre peritos e a literatura científi ca. Resultados: com base na validação do conteúdo, elaborou-se um protocolo referente aos cuidados a paciente em uso de DAV avaliado por peritos/juízes espanhóis. Dos 15 itens avaliados, por meio do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC), 10 deles apresentaram forte evidência de validação com Kappa que variaram de 0,87 a 1. Conclusão: o método permitiu validar intervenções que contribuirão para um cuidado qualifi cado e uniformizado a pacientes em uso de DAV. Descritores: Insufi ciência Cardíaca; Circulação Assistida; Estudos de Validação; Protocolos; Cuidados de Enfermagem. RESUMENObjetivo: elaborar y validar un protocolo de atención de enfermería a pacientes con dispositivo de asistencia ventricular (DAV). Método: estudio descriptivo, con abordaje cuantitativo, de validación metodológica de instrumento. Se siguieron tres etapas: elaboración del instrumento; validación del contenido del protocolo según técnica de Delphi y concordancia entre expertos y la literatura científi ca. Resultados: en base a la validación del contenido, se elaboró un protocolo referido a la atención de pacientes en uso de DAV, evaluado por expertos/jueces españoles. De los 15 ítems evaluados, mediante el índice de Validez de Contenido (IVC), 10 de ellos presentaron fuerte evidencia de validación con Kappa, variando entre 0,87 y 1. Conclusión: el método permitió validar intervenciones que contribuirán a una atención califi cada y u...