Introduction:Colorectal cancer has been primarily considered a disease of the elderly, but recent data have shown an alarming rise among young people. It has been also suggested that young age is associated with aggressive histopathological characteristics and advanced stages of the disease at diagnosis. As there are few studies and none from our part of the country evaluating the clinicopathological profile of early-onset versus late-onset rectal cancer patients, this analysis was conducted to assess and compare the clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with rectal cancer diagnosed with ages over and below 50 years. Materials and method:The relevant details of all biopsy proven rectal cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy at a tertiary cancer hospital, from January 2017 to December 2019, were collected. All the data were categorised into two groups, an early-onset group (age <50 years) and a late-onset group (age ≥50 years), and comparison of the clinicopathological characteristics between the two groups was made.Results: A total of 224 patients with rectal cancer, 150 male and 74 female, were included in the study. About two-thirds of the patients were less than 50 years of age, with an average age of 42 years. The comparative analysis showed a significantly higher number of young patients presenting with bleeding and pain. Patients below 50 years also had a significantly higher number of adenocarcinoma grade III and clinical stage III than those in the late-onset group. Conclusion:Our study revealed a significant number of early-onset rectal cancer patients. There should be a high index of suspicion in any young patient presenting with symptoms suggestive of rectal malignancy and they should be evaluated promptly.
In this study, we have demonstrated the expansion history of an axially symmetric Bianchi type-I model of the universe. Our model as of now presents an accelerating universe, which had been in the decelerating phase in the past. Roles of the two crucial Hubble H(z) and deceleration q(z) parameters are examined. The energy parameters of the universe are estimated with the help of the latest observational Hubble data (46-data points) and Pantheon data (the latest compilation of SNIa with 40 binned in the redshift range 0.014 ≤ z ≤ 1.62). We also discuss the stability analysis of the model by state finder diagnosis. The analysis reveals that in late time, the model is a quintessence type and points towards the ΛCDM model. Our developed model agrees with observational findings in a proper way. We have discussed some of the physical aspects of the model.
The present study investigated the effect of cow ghee (clarified butter fat) versus soybean oil on the expression of cyclins A and D1, and apoptosis regulating Bax, Bcl-2 and PKC-α genes in mammary gland of normal and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) treated rats. Two groups of 21 days old female rats were fed for 44 weeks diet containing cow ghee or soybean oil (10%). The animals were given DMBA (30 mg/kg body weight) through oral intubation after 5 weeks feeding. Another two groups fed similarly but not given DMBA served as respective controls. In control groups, the expression of cyclin A was similar on both cow ghee and soybean oil, but that of cyclin D1 was more on soybean oil diet. However, in DMBA treated groups, the expression levels of cyclins A and D1 were significantly greater on soybean oil than on cow ghee. The expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2 and PKC-α were similar in two control groups. However, in tumor tissue expression levels of Bcl-2 and PKC-α were significantly lower in cow ghee fed rats than in soybean oil fed ones, but Bax was similarly expressed in both DMBA treated groups. The pro-apoptotic ratio Bax/Bcl-2 increased and the anti-apoptotic ratio PKC-α(Bcl-2/Bax) decreased in cow ghee group compared to soybean oil group in DMBA treated rats. Hence, the decreased expressions of cyclins A and D1, Bcl-2 and PKC-α mediate the mechanism by which cow ghee protects from mammary carcinogenesis.
Globally, ~ 300 million people are exposed to arsenic poisoning while in India an estimated 70 million people are affected by consumption of arsenic contaminated water. The state of Bihar is an endemic belt for arsenic contamination in groundwater affecting over 10 million people with moderate to serious health manifestations. Life threatening disease like cancer is not uncommon now, and carcinoma type of cancer cases are on the rise. Breast cancer incidences in the state follows closely with more and more women getting affected. Approximately, 23% of the cancer types in women are related to breast cancer, diagnosed at a fairly advanced stage (III or IV) of the disease. The etiology of the disease is not clearly known though faulty lifestyle and genetic makeup cannot be ruled out. The present study attempts to derive a relation between increasing breast cancer cases with the sustained arsenic intake in the second most populated state of the country. Pathologically confirmed, female breast cancer patients (n = 55) from across the state were included in the study. Sampling of the breast tissue, blood, hair and toe nail was carried out by the surgical oncology department of the institute. As a part of cross-sectional study, (n = 12) female breast benign cases were taken as the control group and their biological samples were also collected. All the samples as per the protocol of NIOSH were digested and analysed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. For the epidemiological parameter study, their age, type of malignancy, stage and demographic information was compiled. The results were correlated with the arsenic concentration in groundwater as per their endemic status and anomalous values on GIS platform. The role of geological studies to establish the morpho-stratigraphic control and aquifers with higher concentration was brought to use. The results are fairly indicative of the high correlation of anomalous concentration of arsenic with the sample population with diagnosed malignancy as compared to the control group. The maximum arsenic concentration observed in the biological samples in blood was 1856µg/L, in breast tissue 446.4µg/Kg, in hair 1296·9µg/Kg and in toenail 621·83µg/Kg respectively. The scattered plots correlate the relationship between age of the breast cancer patients with arsenic contamination, while the geospatial distribution positively correlates with the districts with increased arsenic endemicity in a predominantly alluvium dominated country. The high arsenic contamination in the biological samples of the breast cancer patients is an indicative marker to the possible relation of the disease to arsenic, as compared to the control population exposed to a much lesser toxicity. Consumption of water with more than 10 ppb arsenic contamination over a sustained longer time span has possibly exposed the population to a larger threat to disease as inferred from the findings. The disease breeding as a silent killer with reduced or unnoticeable symptoms upto a fairly advanced stage has further accentuated the problem. The present study thus endeavours to identify a significant relation of the disease with sustained intake of arsenic consumed through water and food products laden with anomalous concentration.
Globally uterine cervix cancer is one of the leading causes of death in females due to cancer, especially in developing countries. The aim of the study was to analyse the survival as well as understanding various prognostic factors for survival in patients of carcinoma cervix presenting in our hospital. A total of 508 patients were evaluated in radiotherapy department of Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research centre Patna, Bihar who came for follow up between April 2015 to March 2016 after completion of radical radiotherapy. Out of 508 patients 3.54% (n 18), 71.65% (n 364), 22.83% (n 116) and 1.9% (n 10) patients presented in sage I, II, III and IV A respectively. 53.54% of patients belonged to age group of 35 to 50 years with Survival of 937 ± 53.49 days. 46.46% of the patients were more than 50 years age and their survival was 933.3 ± 57.12 days. The mean duration for overall survival for all cases evaluated was 957.4 ± 39.49 days. The mean duration for survival of stages I, II, III and IVA was 1186 ± 281.8 days, 960 ± 85.04 days, 945.1 ± 45.66 days and 765 ± 181.5 days respectively. Survival of patients having squamous cell carcinoma was 970 ± 42.89 days and that of adenocarcinoma was 669.5 ± 120 days and that of premenopausal and postmenopausal lady was 997.5 ± 79.28 and 940.1 ± 45.39 days respectively. It was evident from study that patients who presented in early stage had a better survival. There was no significant difference in survival of cervix cancer patients in different age groups while survival was greater in premenopausal cervical cancer patients.
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