Background: Opioid Agonist Treatment (OAT) programmes are regarded as a gold standard treatment for people living with Opioid Use Disorders (OUDs). However, OAT programmes are often unavailable or poorly implemented in prisons, in spite of the large numbers of people living with OUDs and the high risk of HIV transmission in prison settings. Unusually, this systematic review synthesizes qualitative evidence relating to barriers to, and facilitators of, the implementation of OAT programmes in prisons in high-and low/middle-income countries (LMICs) to provide more nuanced, contextualised understandings of how prison stakeholders perceive and/or experience OAT programmes within different prison settings. Methods: We systematically reviewed six electronic databases for studies published between January 2005 and December 2019 involving prison stakeholders: policy-makers, governors, healthcare staff, prison officers, and prisoners. The search identified 8091 studies, of which only 16 incorporated qualitative methods (including qualitative elements of mixed methods) and met our quality criteria. Four of these studies were conducted in LMICs (Kyrgyzstan, Iran (2) and Indonesia). Results: Findings were organized under three broad themes: (1) perceived benefits of OAT programmes; (2) barriers to the implementation and development of OAT programmes; and (3) treatment processes. Discussion: A lack of a clear understanding of the roles of OAT programmes and doubts regarding their effectiveness for people living with OUDs in prisons are critical barriers to prisoner participation in both high-and LMIC countries. Prison systems, particularly in LMICs, often lack the resources to mitigate problems with implementation. This review highlights an urgent need to develop further qualitative studies into prison OAT programmes, employing varied methods to explore such contexts in greater depth and minimize the impact of harms relating to OUDs in prisons.

This study aims to find out how the use of social media as a means of promotion and marketing forMSMEs Anggi Screen in developing their business in this digital era, which we know where the developmentof digital technology today has provided many conveniences in human life, without exception in shaping theeffectiveness of social media in encouraging promotion and marketing. Promotion and Marketing in sausagemedia usually use online platforms that are often used by the world community. The online platforms used byAnggi screen in its marketing and promotion are Instagram, Whatsapp Business, Youtube, TikTok and marketplaces (lazada, tokopedia, shoope, bukalapak. The research methodology used is a qualitative descriptor tomake descriptions and descriptions systematically, factually and accurately regarding facts and therelationships between their phenomena. With all efforts carried out, it is hoped that it can make promotionand marketing more effective in the use of social media carried out by MSMEs anggi screen, so that inpromotion and marketing it is more cost-effective and can increase sales of MSMEs anggi screen

Purpose Opioid agonist treatment (OAT) programmes in prisons play a significant role in preventing the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Despite its proven effectiveness, both the availability and coverage of prison OAT programmes remain low. This Indonesian study explores facilitators of, and barriers to, the delivery of methadone programmes in prisons using the social ecological model (SEM). Design/methodology/approach The study used a qualitative case study approach comprising two prisons with, and one prison without, methadone programmes. Purposive and snowball sampling was used to recruit study participants. In total, 57 in-depth interviews were conducted with prison governors, health-care staff, prison officers and prisoners. Data was analysed thematically. Findings The study findings identified facilitators of and barriers to the delivery of prison OAT programmes at all three levels of the SEM as follows: intrapersonal barriers including misperceptions relating to HIV transmission, the harm reduction role of OAT programmes, methadone dependency and withdrawal symptoms; interpersonal barriers such as inflexible OAT treatment processes and the wide availability of illicit drugs in prisons and; social-structural barriers, notably the general lack of resources. Research limitations/implications The findings highlight the importance of and overlap between, organisational and inter-personal, as well as intrapersonal factors. Such an approach is particularly important in the context of the implementation and delivery of methadone programmes in low/middle income countries, where the lack of resources is so significant. Practical implications Three main strategies for improvement were suggested as follows: the development of comprehensive education and training programmes for prisoners and all prison staff; the re-assessment of practices relating to the delivery of methadone, and a comprehensive review of harm reduction strategy in prisons, that should consider the role of prisoners’ families to increase support for prisoner participation; the re-assessment of prison policies to support the delivery of methadone programmes in prisons. Social implications The author suggests that ongoing international support and national drug policies are vital to the continuation and sustainability of methadone programmes in prisons. Originality/value This study contributes to the overall evidence base for OAT programmes in middle-income prison contexts.

This paper presents the findings to improve public administration services. For the first time, the findings presented in this paper contribute to knowledge and to addressing problems, as well as to provide direct and tangible benefits to the service of the wider community. The research method presented in this paper is a qualitative study involving interviews with participants who are District Court Judges and observations in two selected courts. The findings presented in this paper will have an impact on improving services administration in the public sector in Indonesia.