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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of computed tomography (CT) renal angiogram (CTRA) in the management of childhood hypertension. This is a retrospective study of 24 children with clinical suspicion of renovascular disease who underwent CTRA examinations. CTRA demonstrated surgically correctable etiology of hypertension in 38% of the patients [5 with renal artery stenosis (RAS) and 4 with renal pathology]. In 5 patients, CTRA findings of RAS were confirmed by catheter angiogram. CTRA missed RAS in 1 patient in whom catheter angiogram showed beaded narrowing of the renal artery. All 6 patients with RAS had resolution of hypertension immediately after angioplasty or surgery. One patient with diffuse renal artery stenosis had an ipsilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney. In this patient hypertension resolved spontaneously as the dysplastic kidney shrunk in size. Seven patients had a renal etiology for hypertension. In 3 of these patients hypertension resolved after nephrectomy. Malignant hypertension in the 4th patient with reflux nephropathy was controlled medically after she underwent bilateral ureteral reimplantation. The remaining 3 patients with renal etiology were managed medically. We found that the etiology was central for hypertension in 4 patients with brain abnormalities, obesity in 1 overweight patient, essential hypertension in 4 patients, and thoracic aorta coarctation in 1 patient. Our study showed that in all except 1 instance CTRA could diagnose a surgically correctable cause for hypertension. CTRA provided useful information for the management of pediatric hypertension in all our patients.

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In a select group of pediatric cases of IgAN with mild to moderate disease and recurrent tonsillitis, tonsillectomy can be a useful adjuvant treatment to improve urinary symptoms and renal function. IgA nephropathy is a common indication for tonsillectomy in Japan but is seen less often in the United States. Otolaryngologists should be aware of this indication for tonsillectomy.

Renal cell carcinoma is an uncommon renal tumor in children, comprising between 1.8% and 6.3% of all malignant renal tumors of childhood (whereas renal cell carcinoma is the commonest renal tumor in adults). We describe a 15-year-old girl with chronic renal failure secondary to renal dysplasia and branchio-oto-renal syndrome, who received a cadaveric renal transplant at 8 years of age from a 25-year-old male donor. She developed severe chronic rejection 4 years after the transplant. A transplant nephrectomy was performed because of persistent gross hematuria. Histopathology of this graft showed chronic severe rejection and papillary necrosis. A fortuitous finding was a 1.5-cm renal cell carcinoma at one of the poles. We suggest that tumors which occur more commonly in adults and less commonly in children must be considered in children receiving adult organ transplants.

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Introduction: Ophthalmic ultrasonography has become the most important accurate diagnostic imaging modality for directly evaluating lesions of posterior segment having opaque ocular media. Study was conducted to assess the role of B scan ultrasound in posterior segment pathology of eye. Material and Method: This prospective study was conducted in Department of Radiodiagnosis, NSCB Medical College and Hospital, Jabalpur from October 2013 to October 2014.The study included patients referred for high resolution ultrasonography from Department of Ophthalmology. 50 patients were subjected to clinical Ophthalmological examination and B scan USG evaluation. Results: The cases were divided according to age ranging from 0-80 years. Maximum no. of patients studied was in 5th decade (22%). Male predominance was seen with sex ratio 3.1:1 (M:F). Loss of vision and redness of eye were the leading symptoms. Maximum no. of ocular abnormalities studied were of Vitreous (40.2%) followed by Retina (25.77%). Also Among vitreous abnormalities, Vitreous hemorrhage was the most common accounting for 56.41% cases followed by vitreous detachment (33.33%), vitreous band was found in 10.25% cases. Retinal detachment was the common retinal abnormality detected (41.5%), while retinoblastoma was seen in 5.66 % cases. Cataract is the most commonly encountered lens abnormality. 81.81% eyes had cataract among total lens abnormalities followed by dislocation of lens (18.18% among lens abnormalities). Choroidal abnormalities include maximum cases of choroidal detachment (80%), while choroidal hemorrhage was seen in 20%. Conclusion-From, the present study it was noted that B-scan is very efficient tool in diagnosing various ocular abnormalities. B-scan can categorize the lesions in the posterior chamber well, depending on the echotexture and anatomy. Even the exact location of the lesion can be well made out.