Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) has been reported for its impact on multitude biological processes from cell proliferation to apoptosis. The increase in the ratio of active/inactive GSK3β is the major factor associated in the etiology of several psychiatric diseases, diabetes, muscle hypertrophy, neurodegenerative diseases, and some cancers. These findings made GSK3β a promising therapeutic target, and the interest in the discovery, synthesis of novel drugs to effectively attenuate its function with probably no side effects has been increasing in the chronology of GSK3β drug discovery. In the present study, we applied a combination of computational tools on a chemical library for the virtual discovery of their potency to inhibit GSK3β. The chemical library was screened against a set of filters at different levels. Finally, five compounds in the chemical library were found to potentially inhibit GSK3β with no toxic effects. Furthermore, binding mode analysis revealed that all the compounds bound to the ATP site and most of the hydrogen bonding interactions are conserved as in GSK3β structures deposited in PDB.

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The observable mutated isoforms of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are important considerable therapeutic benchmarks in moderating the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recently, quinazoline-based ATP competitive inhibitors have been developed against the EGFR; however, these imply the mutation probabilities, which contribute to the discovery of high probable novel inhibitors for EGFR mutants. Therefore, SAR-based bioactivity analysis, molecular docking and computational toxicogenomics approaches were performed to identify and evaluate new analogs of gefitinib against the ligand-binding domain of the EGFR double-mutated model. From the diverse groups of molecular clustering and molecular screening strategies, top high-binding gefitinib-analogues were identified and studied against EGFR core cavity through three-phase ensemble docking approach. Resulted high possible leads showed good binding orientations than gefitinib (positive control) thus they were subjected to pharmacophore analysis that possesses possible molecular assets to tight binding with EGFR domain. Residues Ser720, Arg841 and Trp880 were observed as novel hot spots and involved in H-bonds, pi-stacking and π-cation interactions that contribute additional electrostatic potency to sustain stability and complexity of protein-ligand complexes, thus they have ability to profoundly adopted by pharmacophoric features. Furthermore, lead molecules have an inhibition percent probability, anticancer potency, toxic impacts, flexible pharmacokinetics, potential gene-chemical interactions towards EGFR were revealed by computational systems biology tools. Our multiple screening strategies confirmed that the druggable sub-pocket was crucial to strong EGFR-ligand binding. The essential pharmacophoric features of ligands provided viewpoints for new inhibitors envisaging, and predicted scaffolds could used as anticancer agents against selected EGFR mutated isoforms.

The rate-limiting enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is considered as an insightful prognostic target for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy. Now, administration and prolonged utilization of selective COX-2 inhibitors (COXIBs) towards moderating the NSCLC has been associated with different side effects. In the present study, we focused on the structure-based drug repositioning approaches for predicting therapeutic potential de novo candidates for human COX-2. Due to discrepancies in the eminence of x-ray diffraction structures, creates a big barrier in drug discovery approach. Hence, the adaptable COX-2 structure was investigated using multi-template modeling method. Next, a dataset of twenty-six celebrex-associated optimized scaffolds were screened from ZINC database. Comparative docking approaches were then utilized to identify five compounds as best binders to the active site of COX-2 structures and strongly agree with enormous experimental consequences. MD simulations of regarded protein-ligand complexes reveals that lead molecules were stabilized dynamically in inside the cyclooxygenase site by forming potential salt bridges with Tyr, Tyr and Ser residues. These significant results revealed that, identified druggables could prevent the tyrosyl radicals and prostaglandin production that reduces NSCLC progression. Furthermore, pharmacokinetics assets of respected ligands were analyzed, which incorporates similarity ensemble approach, druglikeness and ADMET properties. Finally, the identified novel candidates could serve as COX-2 inhibitors for NSCLC therapy, and coxibs are the best choices for designing new scaffolds to treat cyclooxygenases regard disorders.