Appropriate assessment of the technical condition of internal combustion engines allows determining optimal values for standards of their technical operation, adjusting the parameters of maintenance and repair process operations, and, as a result, reducing the cost of their effective operation. The article is devoted to the use of the Bayes algorithm for assessing the technical condition of internal combustion engines. This algorithm allows using statistical data on repair and maintenance of internal combustion engines, wherein the missing information is determined by the dynamic systems modeling method. The choice of transitional functions of constituent elements of internal combustion engines as diagnostic parameters increases the reliability of obtained results.
Currently, methods of direct measurement of design parameters of technical condition are used to determine the remaining life of the engine. This requires complete or partial disassembly of the engine, which implies its decommissioning and subsequent placement on repair sites. The main argument in favor of such methods is the reliability of the results obtained, although this increases the labor intensity and cost of this process. The article proposes a method for non-selective evaluation of the residual life of the engine by the transient functions of its systems. The estimated parameters are the transient functions for fuel consumption, air consumption, and crankshaft speed. Quantitative indicators for transient functions are the intensity of changes in the selected parameters when the load is applied. Depending on the technical condition of the internal combustion engine, they have a high, medium and low level. To make a final decision about the technical condition of the engine, the Bayes algorithm on conditional probabilities is used. In case of an unfavorable combination of factors, this algorithm allows to assess the need for work to restore the engine resource with a certain probability. To improve the adequacy of the results obtained, it is necessary to use statistical data that reflect the relationship between the design parameters of the technical condition and the engine running time. The dependence of the selected diagnostic parameters on the technical condition of the engine is reflected in regression equations. Increasing the sample size of available data increases the accuracy of the diagnosis.
One of the important standards of technical operation of motor vehicles is the frequency of their maintenance. The correct definition of it directly affects the amount of specific operating costs and is one of the most important tasks of engineering and technical workers. At the same time, their reduced values, although they lead to an increase in the reliability of vehicles, but they increase the frequency of downtime and the cost of operation, as well as increase the share of unused resources of serviced systems and mechanisms. In this paper, we consider an economic-probabilistic method for determining the frequency of maintenance. There are two tactics for implementing this method: by operating time and by technical condition. For all its simplicity, the method of determining the operating time has a number of disadvantages, namely, it does not take into account the technical condition of the serviced mechanisms and units at the current moment. This increases the complexity of performing maintenance operations, and their cost increases accordingly. The method of determining the frequency of maintenance by condition is considered. In this case, all work on the maintenance of mechanisms and aggregates of vehicles is divided into diagnostic and executive components. At the first stage, their technical condition and resource are determined until the next scheduled maintenance. If this resource is not enough to run before this event, then a decision is made to perform the executive part of the work. With a larger resource, the executive part is postponed until the next scheduled maintenance. The determination of the frequency of maintenance is based on the results of comparing the specific operating costs for routine repairs with the weighted average costs for maintenance and routine repairs.
The practice of operating machinery and equipment that are used in animal husbandry and in the processing of its products has shown low reliability of feed crushers. As of 01.01.2019, in the agricultural enterprises of the Republic of Tatarstan there are about 1200 machines for grinding feed, of which 800 pcs. are hammer crushers. Most of these crushers have a service life of 10 to 13 years and are objects with low reliability. Mostly emergency stops occur due to the destruction of the rotor bearings. In the event of a sudden failure, unplanned repairs and a decrease in production efficiency occur. At the Department of Operation and Repair of Machines of Kazan State Agrarian University, research was carried out and a scientific result was obtained, which was implemented in the adapter to the vibrometer to determine the residual life of rolling bearings. Input data for this device were obtained during operational research and further analysis of the data.
The paper presents the results of studies of some physical and mechanical properties of metal samples made of 65G steel, hardened by electrospark method. Researches are connected with the solution of problems of increase of a resource of work of details and working bodies of agricultural machines. The elemental composition, phase composition and microstructure of the surface of 65G steel samples processed by the electrospark method were investigated.
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