This research aims were to determine the total tannin level and to test the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of Muntingia calabura L., leaves. The extraction was carried out by maceration method with ethanol solvent. Determination of total tannin content was carried out by colorimetric method which was measured at a wavelength of 745 nm using UV-Vis spectrometry and tannic acid was used as the standard. The antibacterial activity test was carried out by diffusion disc method against, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Propionebacterium acnes bacteria. The variations in the concentration of the ethanol extract of M. calabura included 12.5%; 25%; 50%, and 75%. Chloramphenicol was used as positive control and DMSO 10% as negative control. The results showed that the ethanol extract of the M. calabura leaves had a total tannin level of 0.0655±0.0002 mg/g d.w (Mean±SD). Antibacterial activity of ethanol extraction by the M. calabura leaves against E. coli (14.18±0.96; 15.53±0.40; 15.92±1.27; and 16.50±0.52), S. typhi (13.37±0.35; 14.47±1.14; 14.97±0.87; and 15.50±0.66), and P. acnes (14.13±0.24; 14.60±0.20; 15.52±1.14; and 16.37±0.46). Antibacterial activity of Chloramphenicol against E. coli, S. typhi and P. acnes are 31.25±2.08; 25.15±1.61; and 23.25±4.42.
BACKGROUND: Seri (Muntingia calabura L.) leaves are a plant that is often found and have not been used in various treatments even though it is reported to have various groups of bioactive compounds such as phenolic, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, and triterpenoids.
AIM: This study aimed to determine the total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and identify the content of potential bioactive compounds contained in the ethyl acetate fraction from M. calabura leaves.
METHODS: M. calabura L. leaves fraction was carried out by maceration method using ethanol followed by partition starting with n-hexane, chloroform, and finally ethyl acetate as solvent. The ethyl acetate fraction was continued for phytochemical screening for the content of bioactive compounds using standard reagents, determination of total phenol content by colorimetric method, determination of antioxidant activity using the DPPH method, and analysis of bioactive compounds using gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy.
RESULTS: The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of M. calabura leaves was positive for phenolic content which was indicated by the formation of a turquoise color after 5% FeCl3 reagent was added (in ethanol), phenolic content was 0.0727 mg GAE/g dry fraction, indicating antioxidant activity (IC50) amounted to 54.437 including strong categories as antioxidants and the results of GC–MS analysis obtained various kinds of compounds and it is suspected that compounds that provide potential as antioxidants are phytol.
CONCLUSION: The bioactive compound of ethyl acetate fraction of seri (M. calabura) leaves contained phenolic components and has strong antioxidant activity.
The research objectives were to identify the secondary metabolite components, total phenolic content and determine the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of red betel leaf (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.). The extraction process was carried out by materation using ethanol as a solvent. Determination of total phenolic content was carried out colorimetrically with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent measured at a maximum wavelength of 765 nm. Determination of antioxidant activity using the DPPH method measured by spectrophotometry at a maximum wavelength of 517 nm. The results of phytochemical screening of the ethanolic extract of red betel leaf contain secondary metabolites, including flavonoid, phenolic, tannin, alkaloids, steroids, and triterpenoids. The total phenolic content of the red betel leaf ethanol extract was 0.949±0.003 mg GAE/g d.w. and has antioxidant activity (IC50) 84,656 including strong category as an antioxidant. Keywords: Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav., Antioxidant, Ethanol extract, Folin-Ciocalteu and DPPH
The purpose of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of rosella infusa (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). Antimicrobial inhibition test using infusa of rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria at a concentration of infusa 100%; 75%; and 50%. The concentration has highest potential antibacterial of infusa for Staphylococcus aureus is 100% witch has diameter of 13.6 mm and for Escherichia coli bacteria is 100%, its show that diameter of zone inhibitory zone is 13.3 mm. The Results of phytochemical screening show that infusa of rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) contains flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. Based on the data above show that the infusa of rosella flower has high antibacterial potential.
Sirih merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.) leaves has traditionally been used as a medicinal plant. The content of secondary metabolites contained is assessed to show pharmacological activity. The secondary metabolites in question include tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids/triterpenoids and saponins. This study aimed to determine the total tannin content and the potential antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of P. crocatum leaves. Extraction process by maceration using ethanol, measurement of total tannin content by colorimetric method using UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a maximum wavelength of 745 nm and determination of antibacterial activity by disc diffusion. The results of this study showed that the ethanolic extract of P. crocatum leaves contained about 0.118±0.003 mg TAE/g of dry ethanolic extract. The results of activity testing against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus showed activity as antibacterial.
Background: Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is an endemic disease in Tebing Tinggi, the number of DHF cases in 2022 reached 175. Protection strategy and the number of landfills are risk factors for the presence of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between protection strategy and the number of containers in the presence of Aedes aegypti.
Methods: This type of research was an analytic survey with a cross-sectional research design. The study population was all families living in 5 sub-districts in Tebing Tinggi city with 500 houses selected using a cluster sampling technique. Primary data collection used a questionnaire containing questions on protection strategy and location points, also observation sheets containing the type of landfills, and the number and presence of larvae. Data were analyzed by Chi-Square test.
Results: The results showed that Aedes aegypti larvae were found in 144 houses and 14% of families had made protection strategies, 41% of houses had more than 4 containers. Protection strategies against the presence of grass bushes within a radius of 100 meters from the house and the number of landfills had a relationship with the presence of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Tebing Tinggi city is an area that has a high potential risk of DHF. Suggestions for increasing DHF protection strategy and eliminating resting places and breeding places are important for empowering jumantik at the family level as well as providing ongoing assistance and education.
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