This review aims to develop a systematic approach for the selection of suitable and safer dental materials available in the market thereby giving an insight to predict their risk of inducing allergic reactions. The review was conducted by referring to various relevant articles and retrospective studies. It was noted that the most common allergic reactions in dental staff are allergies to latex, acrylates and formaldehyde. The other dental materials that caused irritation included impression materials, metals, resins, rubber products, amalgam restorations. The study comprehended that dental personnel have high risk of allergy from latex gloves, bio aerosols inhaled during the dental practice, contact dermatitis and from the usage of various other potentially harmful dental materials. On the other hand, the patients have high risk of irritation from commonly used dental materials like metals (gold, mercury, chromium, palladium etc), root canal sealants, obturation materials, formaldehyde, amalgam restorations, resin, acrylates, impression materials, latex and local anesthesia. Patients begin to develop symptoms of stomatitis, burning, tingling, cheilitis, oral lichenoid lesions, lip and facial swelling. The oral cavity is exposed to various sensitizing substances that cause allergic reactions. Hence it is necessary to provide comprehensive dental treatment without compromising the health of the patient.
Background: Nanoparticles (NPs) are often regarded as essential components of nanotechnology. Butterfly-pea flower tea, often known as Blue Tea, is a caffeine-free or herbal tea produced from an infusion of the Clitoria ternatea plant's flower petals. In the creation of nanoparticles, plant extracts may act as reducing and stabilizing agents. Aim: The study's goal was to evaluate the characterization of copper nanoparticles derived from blue tea. Materials and Methods: The green synthesis approach was used to make the blue tea mediated copper nanoparticles. UV spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine morphological characteristics such as form and size of the green produced copper nanoparticles. Results: The results revealed that the nanoparticles mediated by blue tea extract were eco-friendly, excellent, and non-toxic. Copper nanoparticles were well disseminated and crystalline in nature, according to TEM pictures. Copper nanoparticles were spherical in shape. The particles were 5-10 µl in size. The TEM image showed that nanoparticles were not mixed, but were separated by equal interspaces between them, as validated by microscope visualization at a greater resolution. Conclusion: Using blue tea, a simple, biological, and low-cost method for the manufacture of copper nanoparticles was developed in this study. To determine the efficacy of these nanoparticles, the generated copper nanoparticles can be exposed to several biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic evaluation.
The aim of the review is to raise awareness to synthesise hydroxyapatite (HAp) crystals from eggshells. The development of hydroxyapatite crystals shows a systematic approach towards the development in various biomedical applications. The economic approach of the synthesis of crystalline hydroxyapatite crystals from the eggshells is done using ultrasound assisted technology. The study demonstrates the use of biowastes such as egg shells which is a promising technique to develop hydroxyapatite crystals due to its mechanical and osteogenic properties. The hydroxyapatite crystals are synthesised using biowastes such as egg shells which are rich in calcium and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. This is a viable substitute for bone regeneration and orthodontic appliances due to its properties such as fracture toughness, mechanical strength, elastic modulus, osteoconductivity, bioactivity and differentiation. These minerals are similar to the inorganic content of the bone and are used widely for complete or partial bone augmentation, filling bone and teeth. They are used as coatings in orthopaedics and dental implants. The organic components of the matrix of the egg shells are mainly composed of mucopolysaccharides, proteins, mainly composed of chondroitin sulphate A and B, glucosamine, galactosamine, galactose, mannose, fructose and sialic acid. They are widely used as the matrix fibres have a strong influence on the mechanical strength of the entire egg shells. These crystals are characterised for bone tissue engineering due to the following properties such as biocompatibility, bioactivity and other mechanical properties without getting rejected by the immune system.
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