Highlights d Wild Goffin's cockatoos use a tool set to access seed matter of a tropical fruit d Only few individuals engage in the behavioral sequence required for tool use d Up to three tool types are employed, differing in manufacture, size, and function d Flexible manufacture and use of tool sets is no longer restricted to primates

Trichoglossus haematodus (Linnaeus, 1771) is nectarivorous bird that feed on nectar as a source of carbohydrate. In captivity, it is not practical to provide a continued diet of nectar from the flowers. Therefore, this study aimed to find other carbohydrate sources such as brown sugar as substitute nectar for T. haematodus. Twelve wild T. haematodus in four cages offered five types different brown sugar solution with different concentrations. Since brown sugar has low protein content, therefore the birds also offered commercial baby biscuit to meet the protein requirement. The results showed that the birds like to consume all types of brown sugar solution with sugar concentration up to 40% . However, the siwalan brown sugar solution was the most favored by the bird. over the other type of brown sugar solutions (aren, coconut, sugar cane and regular commercial "palm" brown sugar). Furthermore, the result showed that the birds prefer commercial baby biscuit was soaked in the brown sugar solution with concentration 20%. This study provides the information that the brown sugar solution based diet has potency as an alternative carbohydrate source to substitute nectar for T. haematodus in captivity which is more practical and can increase the survival rate in birds.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas dan konsumsi pakan kakatua jambul kuning pada masa memelihara anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan sepasang burung kakatua jambul kuning di penangkaran burung Pusat Penelitian Biologi-LIPI. Aktivitas burung diamati menggunakan metode focal animal sampling dengan pencatatan continuous recording. Pengamatan aktivitas dan konsumsi pakan dilakukan pada masa memelihara anak sebanyak 3 kali ulangan yang terdiri dari pengamatan aktivitas selama 30 hari dan untuk konsumsi pakan selama 60 hari untuk masingmasing ulangan, sehingga total waktu pengamatan 270 hari. Pakan diberikan ad libitum, berupa jagung segar (Zea mays), kangkung (Ipomoea aquatic), kelapa (Cocos nucifera), kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea), wortel (Daucus carota), kedondong (Spondias dulcis), jambu biji (Psidium guajava), tauge (Spigna radiata), kacang panjang (Vigna unguiculata), telur rebus, dan kue burung. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa pada masa memelihara anak, aktivitas vokalisasi dan bertengger lebih besar pada jantan daripada betina. Aktivitas bergerak, merawat diri, makan, dan bersarang lebih besar pada betina daripada jantan. Konsumsi pakan yang paling tinggi adalah jagung segar (66,82 g/kelompok/hari) sebagai sumber energi, sedangkan sebagai sumber protein adalah kacang tanah (28,81 g/kelompok/hari) dan telur (15,34 g/ kelompok/hari).

Palm sugar solution diets that were offered to the Lorikeets contain  high energy, low protein and rich in amino acids similar to nectar. The major components of palm sugar are sucrose, which has a sweet taste. The Lorikeets  can detect energy-rich from the sweet taste of the feed. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of sweetness level and amino acid composition in palm sugar solution diets on feed intake of T. haematodus. The research method was completely randomized design arranged in a factorial with two factors. The first factor consisted of 4 types of palm sugars, i.e.   aren, coconut, siwalan/palmyra, and nipah sugar with a different degree Brix in 13.5º, 14.0º, 14.5º, and 15.0º Brix.While the second factor consisted of two treatments, with and without the addition of the commercial baby biscuit. The results showed that the feed intake of Siwalan sugar was significantly higher than the other palm sugar solution diets. Siwalan sugar solution diet has high sweetness level, sucrose content and essential amino acid Lysine. This study provides the new information regarding the sweetness level of palm sugar and amino acid composition in the diet that can affect feed intake of T. haematodus. Therefore, this information will help to make a formulation of appropriate diet that meets the nutrient requirements especially amino acid for the birds.

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