The study of the features of the higher mental functions of the brain in patients suffering from addiction to psychoactive substances is very important for narcology. It is necessary not only to uncover the mechanisms of addiction, a complete understanding of the neurophysiological processes that determine the nature of the development and severity of the disease, but also to solve practical problems related to the development of treatment methods and the implementation of preventive measures. Method: In the study of patients, a specially designed map was used containing information on the hereditary and demographic characteristics, on the course of the disease, as well as on the socio-cultural status of patients. To determine the functional state of cortical activity in the process of perception of unconscious signals, a special technique was used. The obtained results were subjected to dispersive analysis and the significance of differences was calculated according to Student's t-criterion. Results: An analysis of premorbid personality traits made it possible to establish the prevalence of instability, pathological conformity, and hysteroidal features in patients. It should be noted that a large percentage of the surveyed had a hereditary burden of alcoholism, mainly in the line of the father. Curiosity, passive submission, imitation of friends were among the motives of the first drug use. All patients in the process of addiction formed the following features: increased excitability, increasing effective disorders (depression, dysphoria), aggravated by exacerbation of craving for the drug, a decline in morals and ethics (egoism, deceit, indifference to one's fate, hedonism, loss of sense of duty), disorders of the emotional-volitional sphere (emotional instability, hypersensitivity, vulnerability). Conclusion: The analysis of the duration of latent periods and magnitude of the amplitudes of the late positive R3OO wave in patients with heroin addiction revealed clear differences between the data obtained upon presentation of an unconscious neutral and motivationally significant word. Patients who use psychoactive substances, using the method of recording induced potentials of the brain, which is a sensitive indicator of the activity of brain structures in relation to the substance used, revealed a clear diffuse activation of the cerebral cortex in response to an unconscious verbal stimulus related to the motivation prevailing in patients, in particular to "heroin". Such activation, as well as the difficult dying out of the developed reactions to an unconscious stimulus, indicate certain neurophysiological foundations of the mechanism underlying the changes in the motivational sphere and the stability of the pathological craving for the psychoactive substance.

The importance of the paper is determined by the fact that the development of digital technologies is currently one of the main priorities of any country, both at the highest political level and at the federal and regional ones. The introduction of digital initiatives into the education system leads to their reforming, which has a direct influence on all subjects of the educational process. The goal of the study was to investigate the characteristics of the value orientations of student youth in the context of the digital transformation of the higher education institution. The research methods comprised theoretical and methodological analyses of the problem, empirical research methods (testing, interviewing and a survey), an educational experiment and methods of mathematical statistics. The results of the study include a description of the value framework structure of the personality of student youth (values and meanings) in the era of digital transformation. In addition, as a result of the study, the authors of the paper designed and tested a programme of additional education for students, aimed at developing the value orientations of the ‘digital personality’. The materials of the paper can be useful for the introduction into the educational process in the system of higher and secondary vocational education.   Keywords: Value orientations, student youth, global risks and challenges, information and educational environment of a higher education institution, digital transformation of society.

The relevance of the research is due to the fact that the study of further mathematics in an engineering university provides the level of general education and general cultural development of students, and educational background in special disciplines for the subsequent professional tasks solution. At the same time, there are significant difficulties in mastering the "Further Mathematics" course by students. In this regard, this work is aimed at solving the problem of improving the process of teaching further mathematics in an engineering university using a combination of project based learning and case study (project-case technology). It contributes to developing professional competencies of students of architectural and engineering specialties through the use of solving practice-oriented problems, which brings them closer to real future professional activities. The leading methods in the problem study were: entrance subject testing of the training level in mathematical; pedagogical observation during lessons where project based learning and case study were used; questionnaires upon completion of the "Further Mathematics" course, aimed at identifying both the level of mathematical maturity and the level of ability to conduct research activities necessary to solve non-standard professional tasks. Methods of mathematical statistics were used to process the experimental data. The main results of the study consist in highlighting the features of the combination of project based learning and case study when mastering the "Further Mathematics" course by students, future architect engineers. The significance of the obtained results lies in the fact that the proposed organization of the educational process can be implemented in various engineering specialties, considering a selection of specific professional case tasks.

Objectives: The article addresses the problem of the interaction between the teacher and an inclusive educational environment in the context of the environment impact on the professional and the teacher's personal development. The author(s) have shown the predominance of subjective difficulties in interacting with an inclusive educational environment; the educators' need for support and searching for resources for the effective implementation of inclusive education. Materials: The article also contains the results of an empirical study on a sample of teachers of general education institutions (n = 118) with the use of diagnostic tools: the author's interview "Identifying the characteristics of the teacher's work in the context of the implementation of inclusive education", "Hardiness test", the technique of "job satisfaction". Results: The results of the study made it possible to establish the interrelationships between hardiness and work satisfaction and teachers' relations in professional circles, which makes it possible to consider hardiness as a teacher's significant resource for adapting to an inclusive educational environment. Conclusions: The revealed interrelationships between hardiness and job satisfaction serve as the foundation to work out mechanisms and methods of psychological assistance in the teacher's effective adaptation in the process of overcoming difficulties in professional activity. The data obtained during the study establishes the basis for designing development programs and professional career counseling for teachers.