We have cloned a SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR KINASE (SERK) gene from Medicago truncatula (MtSERK1) and examined its expression in culture using real time PCR. In the presence of the auxin 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) alone, root differentiation occurs from the proliferating calli in both the cultured highly embryogenic seed line (2HA) and a low to nonembryogenic seed line (M. truncatula cv Jemalong). Auxin stimulated MtSERK1 expression in both 2HA and M. truncatula cv Jemalong. Embryo induction in proliferating calli requires a cytokinin in M. truncatula and unlike root formation is substantively induced in 2HA, not M. truncatula cv Jemalong. On embryo induction medium containing NAA and the cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), expression of MtSERK1 is elevated within 2 d of initiation of culture in both M. truncatula cv Jemalong and 2HA. However, MtSERK1 expression is much higher when both NAA and BAP are in the medium. BAP potentiates the NAA induction because MtSERK1 expression is not up-regulated by BAP alone. The 2HA genotype is able to increase its embryo formation because of the way it responds to cytokinin, but not because of the cytokinin effect on MtSERK1. Although the studies with M. truncatula indicate that somatic embryogenesis is associated with high SERK expression, auxin alone does not induce somatic embryogenesis as in carrot (Daucus carota) and Arabidopsis. Auxin in M. truncatula induces roots, and there is a clear up-regulation of MtSERK1. Although our analyses suggest that MtSERK1 is orthologous to AtSERK1, which in Arabidopsis is involved in somatic embryogenesis, in legumes, MtSERK1 may have a broader role in morphogenesis in cultured tissue rather than being specific to somatic embryogenesis.
The ontogeny of embryogenic callus in M. truncatula relates to explant orientation and is driven by the dynamics of pluripotent procambial cells, which proliferate and differentiate into vasculature. The ontogeny is also related to de-differentiated mesophyll cells that acquire totipotency and form the majority of embryos. This contrasts with other species where totipotent embryo-forming initials mostly originate from procambial cells.
Arifin Surya Dwipa Irsyam, Rina Ratnasih Irwanto & Muhammad Rifqi Hariri. 2019. Catatan Keberadaan Costus afer Ker Gawl. (Costaceae) di Pulau Jawa. Floribunda 6(2): 64–71. — Suatu jenis Costus introduksi dari Afrika, yaitu Costus afer Ker Gawl., telah ditemukan tumbuh ternaturalisasi di Maribaya (Lembang), Dago Atas (Bandung), dan Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor. Keberadaan populasi liar C. afer di Pulau Jawa belum pernah dilaporkan sebelumnya. Jenis tersebut juga belum terdaftar dalam Flora of Java. Secara morfologi, C. afer sering salah teridentifikasi sebagai C. lucanusianus J. Braun & K. Schum. Informasi mengenai populasi liar dan ciri morfologi C. afer dilaporkan dalam catatan ini.
Perdagangan tanaman hias merupakan salah satu mekanisme pemencaran tumbuhan eksotik dari suatu daerah ke daerah lainnya. Salah satu contoh kelompok tumbuhan yang dibudidayakan sebagai tanaman hias daun yaitu anggota suku Araceae. Beberapa marga eksotik telah dilaporkan ternaturalisasi di Malesia, yaitu Caladium, Dieffenbachia, Syngonium, dan Xanthosoma. Selain keempat marga tersebut, masih terdapat kemungkinan adanya marga eksotik lainnya yang ternaturalisasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melaporkan keberadaan populasi Philodendron hederaceum (Jacq.) Schott yang meliar di Desa Batu Layang, Sibolangit, Sumatra Utara. Deskripsi jenis, foto, dan diskusi singkat disajikan dalam naskah ini.
Abstract. Irsyam ASD, Hariri MR, Peniwidiyanti, Irwanto RR. 2021. Short Communication: Note on the genus Dorstenia Plum. ex L. (Moraceae) in Java (Indonesia) and noteworthy information on the identity of D. bahiensis through ITS sequence. Biodiversitas 22: 3358-3363. Dorstenia Plum. ex L. grouped within tribe Dorstenieae in the Moraceae. The genus comprises 105 species that are distributed in the African, Asian, and Neotropical regions. Previous studies showed that Java Island has only one species of Dorstenia, namely D. contrajerva L. This exotic species was introduced a long time ago and naturalized in Java. The field survey was carried out in Banten, Jakarta, West Java, and East Java. Herbarium study was also carried out in Herbarium Bogoriense and Herbarium Bandungense. There are two additional species from Java, D. bahiensis Klotzsch ex Fisch. and C.A. Mey. and D. foetida (Forssk.) Schweinf. Dorstenia bahiensis originated from Eastern Brazil and was found naturalized in Mekarwangi Village, Lembang, Bandung Barat regency, Indonesia. Dorstenia foetida is native to Africa and is only found as a popular cultivated plant. A molecular approach was carried out to provide the right identity of D. bahiensis because it has been mistakenly labeled as D. elata by a Javanese horticulturist. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence separated and distinguished both D. bahiensis and D. elata into different clades, which makes the popular name for D. elata actually D. bahiensis. Based on this study, there are three species of exotic Dorstenia in Java. The descriptions, photographs, and further discussions are provided.
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