Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plays an important role in supporting economic growth and overcoming income inequality. ICT infrastructure functions to facilitate the use of ICT by economic actors through ICT devices. Previous research used more data between countries or between districts/cities while Indonesia consisted of provinces with different social and economic characteristics. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of ICT infrastructure on economic growth and income inequality in Indonesia using provincial panel data for the period 2011-2016. The results of the analysis of simultaneous equation models using the Two Stages Least Square (TSLS) method state that ICT infrastructure indicators consisting of cellular telephone ownership, internet accessibility, and the number of Base Transceiver Station (BTS) significantly has a positive impact on economic growth. In addition, these ICT infrastructure variables indirectly have an impact on income inequality through economic growth. Other results obtained are that government spending on ICTs do not significantly impact economic growth and income inequality in Indonesia. The conclusion is that ICT infrastructure has a direct impact on economic growth and an indirect impact on income inequality.
Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) merupakan salah satu kementerian/lembaga yang mengalami pengurangan pagu anggaran (refocussing budget) akibat pandemi Covid-19. Refocussing anggaran ini juga berdampak terhadap pelaksanaan sensus dan survei BPS, salah satunya Survei E-commerce 2020. Survei E-commerce 2020 termasuk salah satu survei yang harus dilaksanakan dan beradaptasi di masa pandemi Covid-19 karena termasuk bagian dari Program Prioritas Nasional dalam Rencana Kerja Pemerintah (RKP) 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis SWOT melalui telaah dokumen resmi Survei E-commerce dan dokumen-dokumen lain yang relevan secara sistematis (systematic literature review) terkait Survei E-commerce 2019 dan Survei E-commerce 2020. Analisis SWOT digunakan untuk mengevaluasi pelaksanaan Survei E-commerce tahun 2019 dan 2020 menurut perspektif internal dan eksternal untuk strength (kekuatan), weakness (kelemahan), opportunities (peluang), dan threats (tantangan). Secara umum, penelitian kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran secara deskriptif mengenai 3 (tiga) hal, yaitu: (1) Urgensi Survei E-commerce, (2) Persamaan dan perbedaan tata laksana survei E-commerce antara sebelum dan di masa pandemi Covid-19; dan (3) Peluang dan tantangan Survei E-commerce di masa pandemi Covid-19. Survei E-commerce 2020 telah menunjukkan beberapa kontribusi penting dalam mendukung Program Prioritas Nasional sehingga tetap dilakukan di masa pandemi Covid-19 dengan berbagai penyesuaian pada tata laksana survei. Dengan memperhatikan sudut pandang internal dan eksternal, Survei E-commerce 2020 mempunyai peluang dan tantangan yang dapat dijadikan pembelajaran apabila suatu saat terjadi force majeur yang membuat BPS harus mempertimbangkan penyesuaian pada metodologi serta keseluruhan tata laksana kegiatan statistik.
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