The single application of 0.5 % clothianidin granules, a novel formulation, was used to control pests in vegetables under a high dose. In this article, residues of clothianidin in cabbage and soil samples under field conditions from Guangzhou, Nanning, and Qianjiang were determined by HPLC. The terminal residues of clothianidin in cabbage were less than the limit of detection (
The effect of volatile compounds from the mashed fresh, fallen, and dried leaves of Murraya exotica on the behavior of red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta, RIFA) workers was investigated by fumigation toxicity bioassay. The volatile compounds from different mashed leaves (fresh, fallen, and dried leaves) of M. exotica were collected by solid-phase microextraction and identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. β-Caryophyllene, α-cedrene, α-copaene, β-cubebene, and germacrene D were identified as major components of the volatile compounds. In exposure time from 1 d to 9 d, the mortality of RIFA increased from 5.00% to 100.00% (fresh leaves), 11.67% to 93.33% (fallen leaves), and 15.00% to 83.33% (dried leaves) in minor workers, whereas in major workers, the increases were from 13.33% to 93.33% (fresh leaves), 6.67% to 83.33% (fallen leaves), and 10.00% to 60.00% (dried leaves). The volatile compounds reduced the walking and grasping abilities and aggregation rate of RIFA workers. Results indicate that mashed leaves of M. exotica have potential for controlling RIFA.
Volatile compounds from mashed (fresh, fallen, and dried) leaves ofMichelia alba were collected via solid-phase microextraction and werethen identified via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The resultsshowed that linalool was the dominant component in different leaves,together with caryophyllene, β-elemene, and selinene, the contents ofwhich vary across the samples. The fumigation bioassay results showedthat the volatiles from M. alba leaves exhibited insecticidal activity againstred imported fire ant workers, and the mortality of workers could reachup to 100% after the fallen leaves were treated for 16 h. Mashed freshleaves could effectively reduce the aggregation and drinking ability ofworkers. The volatile substances released from the mashed leaves mightkill the ants, or affect their behavior and weaken the activity by interferingtransmit information between ants. A comprehensive consideration ofthe economic and ecological value of M. alba shows that fallen leavesmight be a good resource to control red imported fire ant.
Methyl salicylate produced by Viburnum odoratissimum is known to exert lethal or sublethal effects on insects. Replacing conventional pesticides with insecticidal plants is necessary for environmental protection. We evaluated the behavioral and toxicological responses of the red imported fire ant (RIFA Solenopsis invicta)( Hymenopter: Buren Formicidae) at different soil depths in the rhizosphere of V. odoratissimum. Results of insecticidal activity bioassays indicated that the mortality for minor and major ants in soil at depths of 0-10 cm at days 11 and 12 both ranged from 68.75% to 100.00%, with repellent rates of 83.54%–100.00% and 85.31%–100.00%, respectively. In behavioral ability tests, 85.45%–100.00% of minor ants and 86.74%–94.85% of major ants lost their ability to grasp after nine days, with crawl rates at only 0.00%–29.25% and 0.00%–55.77%, respectively. Therefore, we conclude from the result that the soil under V. odoratissimum at depths of 0-10 cm exhibited excellent insecticidal effect in controlling RIFA.Methyl salicylate produced by Viburnum odoratissimum is known to exert lethal or sublethal effects on insects. Replacing conventional pesticides with insecticidal plants is necessary for environmental protection. We evaluated the behavioral and toxicological responses of the red imported fire ant (RIFA Solenopsis invicta, Buren) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) at different soil depths in the rhizosphere of V. odoratissimum. Results of insecticidal activity bioassays indicated that the mortality for minor and major ants in soil at depths of 0-10 cm at days 11 and 12 both ranged from 68.75% to 100.00%, with repellency rates of 83.54%-100.00% and 85.31%-100.00%, respectively. In behavioral ability tests, 85.45%-100.00% of minor ants and 86.74%-94.85% of major ants lost their ability to grasp after nine days, with crawling rates at only 0.00%-29.25% and 0.00%-55.77%, respectively. Therefore, we conclude from the result that the soil under V. odoratissimum at depths of 0-10 cm exhibited excellent insecticidal effect in controlling RIFA.
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