<p class="A04-abstrak2"><span>Smart farming 4.0 based on artificial intelligence is a flagship launched by the Ministry of Agriculture. Smart farming 4.0 encourages the farmers to work more efficient, measurable, and integrated. Through technology, farmers are able to carry out farm practice by relying on mechanization, not on the planting season, from planting to harvesting accurately. Several smart farming technologies such as blockchain for modern off farm agriculture, agri <em>drone</em> sprayer, <em>drone</em> surveillance (<em>drone</em> for land mapping), soil and weather sensors, intelligent irrigation systems, Agriculture War Room (AWR), siscrop (information systems) 1.0 have been implemented in some areas. However, farmers deal with various educational backgrounds, aging farmers phenomenon, and high cost of smart farming technology tools to implement smart farming. This paper aims to analyze the huge opportunities of smart farming by utilizing the potential of millennial farmers as actors and analyzing various government policies to support smart farming 4.0. The Ministry of PDTT has carried out pilot projects to implement smart farming in several locations. The Ministry of Agriculture also needs to play a role by creating a smart farming roadmap. The Government's Strategic Project 2020</span><span>–</span><span>2024 through food estate based on farmer corporations may support massive smart farming applications.</span></p>
Empirical evidence shows that rural transformation and structural transformation in Indonesia vary between provinces in both the depth and speed of the change. One province that the local government has claimed to undergo a rapid rural transformation is the province of East Java. This paper aims to analyze the structural and rural transformations in East Java using district-level secondary data for the 2000-2020 period, obtained from East Java Provincial Statistics. Data analysis uses qualitative and descriptive methods. The results show that structural and rural transformations in East Java vary between districts and development clusters. Some districts in East java experienced a rapid decline in the agricultural sector’s contribution in 1990-2020, both in terms of regional gross domestic product and employment, compared to other districts. The results also show that there has been a transformation within the agricultural sector, with the sub-sectors of non-food (commodities) have gradually shifted out the contribution of the food crop subsector. The relatively rapid structural and rural transformation in East Java has succeeded in increasing rural household incomes and reducing poverty incidence in the province. In the future, to continue increasing household income and reduce poverty, the East Java government needs to maintain the momentum of its success through more targeted pro-growth and pro-poor investment policies.
<p>A variety of <em>start-ups</em> and agricultural applications show that there has been an increasing interest in agriculture. Using information and communication technology to make agricultural products distribution and marketing more effective and efficient, millennial farmers are expected to improve the agricultural product export. However, exporting agricultural products is a challenge. Agricultural products are perishable and the exporters have to meet international food safety standards. The farmers deal with regulations, lack of facilities and infrastructures for production process, as well as the standards of <em>Good Manufacturing Practices</em>. This article aims to assess potentials of millennial farmers pioneering agricultural product export in Indonesia and to analyze the impact of various government policies to millennial farmers. They need appropriate technology to improve agricultural product value added and support for development potential of various agricultural start-ups. Required government supports include farm practice, export procedure training, and export market survey using internet, as well as conducive regulation easy access to financial service provider institution. Those supports will boost the millennial farmers’ spirit along with Ministry of Agriculture’s program of three-fold agricultural product export.<strong></strong></p>
<p>Indonesia is blessed with large potential peatland areas. Growing rice in peatland areas, for example, may be harmful to the environment if it is inappropriate farming practice. This paper aims to identify the best agricultural innovation and to propose strategic recommendation for peatland areas management. Farmers have applied agricultural innovations in growing rice in peatland areas with limited ecological damages carried out through water control management such as one way-water management, canal blocking, surjan or tukungan, and varieties adapted to peatland environment. The government has launched some measures to support peatland ecosystem but farmers’ support is inadequate. Implementing good agricultural technology through increased community participation in sustainable peatland management practices, strengthening farmers’ institution, information dissemination, and mutual community partnership.</p><p> </p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Indonesia dikaruniai lahan gambut yang tersebar luas. Pemanfaatan lahan gambut untuk kegiatan pertanian padi banyak menimbulkan kontroversi apabila tidak dibudidayakan secara tepat. Tulisan ini membahas inovasi pertanian yang tepat dan merekomendasikan strategi pemberdayaan petani di kawasan lahan gambut. Inovasi pertanian untuk menanam padi di lahan gambut tanpa merusak lingkungan di antaranya pengaturan tata air yang mampu menekan terjadinya penurunan fungsi lingkungan, seperti tata air satu arah, tabat konservasi, surjan dan tukungan, sistem drainase dangkal, hingga inovasi pemberian kapur (ameliorasi), pemupukan N dan P serta pemilihan varietas tanaman adaptif baik tanaman pangan, hortikultura, dan perkebunan. Berbagai usaha dan kebijakan yang dilakukan pemerintah untuk menjaga ekosistem lahan gambut belum optimal hasilnya karena kurang mendapat dukungan masyarakat setempat. Diperlukan pemberdayaan petani di kawasan lahan gambut agar lebih peduli kelangsungan ekosistem. Penguatan kelembagaan petani berperan dalam pemecahan masalah usaha tani, penyebarluasan informasi, penerapan teknologi sesuai agroekosistem, serta membangun kerja sama dan kemitraan yang saling menguntungkan.</p>
Population migration is a common phenomenon in rural communities. It shows an effort to find opportunities to get a better job outside the village. The migration process also occurs in the village, the research site of the National Farmer Panel (Patanas). This paper aims to (1) look at the magnitude and type of migration in the Patanas village and (2) identify the push and pull factors of migration. The research method used is descriptive. The results showed that among the three types of migration, the most dominant types were commuters, followed by circular and permanent. The push factors of migration in Patanas villages are dominated by: (1) limited employment opportunities in rural areas, (2) no or narrow land tenure, (3) low agricultural wages and seasonal nature, and (4) less prestigious. While there are three main pull factors in migrant destinations: (1) it is easy to find a job or try at the destination, (2) wages in the destination area are higher than in origin, and (3) wages are earned routinely. To downsize the migration rate, the government must provide better infrastructure in the village, a prerequisite for economic development in rural areas.
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