Abstract. Nenotek PS, Londingkene JA, Ludji R, Harini TS, Kapa MJ, Nguru ESO, Roefaida E, Konanin M. 2022. The toxicity of Annona squamosa seeds and Anacardium occidentale seed shell from East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, against cabbage caterpillar (Crocidolomia pavonana). Intl J Trop Drylands 6: 39-44. The study objective was to determine the effect of methanol extracts of Annona squamosa L. seeds and seed coat of Anacardium occidentale L. from East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia on the Crocidolomia pavonana (Fabricius, 1794), cabbage caterpillar. Bioassay was done using with a residue method in feed for one minute at each concentration of A. squamosa seed extract (0.01%; 0.03%; 0.06%; 0.125%; 0.25%; and control) and extract A. occidentale (0.06%; 0.125%; 0.25%; 0.5%; 1%; and control). The results showed that the methanol extract of A. squamosa seeds was more toxic to C. pavonana larvae compared to the methanol extract of A. occidentale. The LC50 and LC95 values of A. squamosa seed extract against the tested insects were 0.04% and 0.16%.
<span lang="EN-US">The sweet potato whitefly, <em>Bemisia tabaci</em> (Gennadius) is a cosmopolitan pest on various types of agricultural crops. The whitefly is able to cause damage to plants by directly consuming plant parts using stylet and as a vector of plant viruses. Red chili (<em>Capsicum annuum</em>) and tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em>) plants are important horticultural plants that are often infested by <em>B. tabaci</em>. Whiteflies are known to reproduce with copulation that produce male and female offspring and without copulation that produce male offspring. The purpose of this study was to determine the reproduction ability of <em>B. tabaci</em> with and without copulation in red chili pepper and tomato. Adult of <em>B. tabaci</em> was taken from a greenhouse in Cikabayan, IPB Dramaga. One female who just emerged from the pupa or final instar nymph was invested in red chilli and tomato plants in polybags to determine the <em>B. tabaci</em> offspring produced without copulation. The same method was also done for whitefly with copulation, but using a pair of adult whitefly (male and female). Each treatment was repeated 5 times. Observations were made every day on the number of eggs produced by one female adult per day, the egg incubation period, the length of the nymph period for each instar, pupa, and adult. The results of this study showed that the fertility of <em>B. tabaci</em> which reproduces with and without copulation in tomato plants was higher than in chili pepper plants, but there was no difference in life cycle and sex ratio.</span>
Abstract. Nenotek PS, Ludji R. 2020. The efficacy of seed extract of Tephrosia vogelii and Annona squmosa on larvae of Helicoverpa armigera. Trop Drylands 4: 5-9. Corncob borer (Helicoverpa armigera) is important pest of corn, urging the use of insecticide for its eradication. While using chemical insecticides is not sustainable, the use of plant-based insecticides is thus recommended. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of Annona squamosa and Tephrosia vogelii seed extract mixture on the mortality of 3rd instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera. A range of concentration, as treatments, were evaluated, i.e., 0.05%, 0.11%, 0.28%, 0.65%, 1.5% and a control (water only) applied with three replicates in each treatment. Ten larvae of H. armigera at each treatment were infested in baby corn, using the residue method. Mortality was observed at 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after treatment (HAT). Percent mortality of the 3rd instar of H. armigera larvae was analyzed using Probit Polo PC, then proceed with mixed activity analysis. The results showed that the mixture of A.squamosa + T. vogelii seeds extracts killed H. amigera larvae with the value of LC50 and LC95 of 0.07% and 2.07%, respectively. A mixture of A. squamosa seeds + T. vogelii seeds extract was synergistic to H. armigera larvae with combined index values at LC50 and LC95 were 0.53 and 0.58, respectively. Thus, the use of a mixture of A. squamosa seed extract and T. vogelii seed is more efficient because the raw materials used were less at low concentrations to control H. armigera larvae than the extract applied separately.
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