This paper offers new evidence on the existence of disappearing dividend phenomenon in the Nigerian stock market and as to how clientele, catering and life-cycle theories of dividend affect firms' dividend paying behaviour. We did not find conclusive evidence to suggest that dividend payments had become second order of importance in firms' payout policies during 2003-2012 because we only observed a downward trend in dividend payments during 2010-2012. Logistic regression of a probability to pay or not to pay dividend and a panel regression of the size of dividend payment show that clientele theory stands out as compared to catering and life-cycle theories. Firms in our sample shape their dividend policies in line with the preference of foreign investors who have less preference for dividend over capital gain due to dividend taxes imposed on these shareholders. This underlines the importance of foreign investors on firms' corporate decisions given the fact they owned more than half of the total shares traded on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. Other determinants that affect the propensity to pay are profitability, investment opportunities, leverage, cash flow, crisis, stock market performance, past dividend and interest rate with signs that are consistent with the prediction of traditional dividend theories.
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dynamic relationship between Nigeria-US exchange rate (XR) and crude oil price (OILP) using daily data from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2015. Design/methodology/approach The study uses alternative methods, including vector autoregressive-generalised autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (VAR-GARCH) within the framework of Baba-Engle-Kraft-Kroner model, constant conditional correlation (CCC)-GARCH and dynamic conditional correlation (DCC)-GARCH models. Findings The results from the VAR-GARCH model indicate unidirectional cross-market mean spillovers from oil market (OILM) to foreign exchange market (FXM). In addition, the results show a positive effect of OILP on XR, suggesting that an increase in OILP appreciates Nigerian currency relative to US dollar and a fall in OILP depreciates it. The authors find that the effects of cross-volatility spillovers between the OILM and FXM are bidirectional. The CCC results indicate positive correlations of returns of 16 per cent between the FXM and OILM. Finally, the DCCs results indicate positive correlations between the two markets since the fourth quarter of 2008 (the world financial crisis period) until the recent period of world oil glut and slow demand for crude oil. Research limitations/implications Following the depreciation of the Nigerian currency vis-á-vis US dollar since the onset of the recent world oil glut and lower oil prices, Nigerian authorities should embark on subsidy reform, such as reduction in fuel subsidies. This may enable the release of fiscal resources that may be used to either rebuild fiscal space lost or finance investment in non-oil sectors in order to reduce overdependence on oil income. Lower fiscal revenues, coupled with the risk that crude oil maintains its low price for some time, imply that government should reduce its expenditure, and continue to draw on available accumulated funds from the excess crude account for some time until the real depreciation required for adjustment is achieved. Originality/value Studies on volatility spillovers between OILM and FXM are limited in the literature, particularly in Nigerian case. Moreover, the study employs different approaches for broader analysis. These alternative methods, a clear departure from the previous studies, provide comprehensive dynamic nature of the relationship between the FXM and OILM.
Efficient market hypothesis asserts movements in asset prices are due to significant changes in information. The financial crisis of 2007-2009 originated from subprime mortgages in the United States and affected African countries through local stock markets. This study evaluates the Nigerian stock market efficiency in the pre and post financial meltdown of 2007-2009. GARCH models under three error distributional assumptions were used. The data covers January 2010 to December 2016 divided into pre and post meltdown. Findings indicate that in the pre and post meltdown, the Nigerian stock market is inefficient in the weak form while using the meltdown as event window, the market is efficient in the semi-strong form. It was recommended that prompt release of financial information by quoted firms should be on-line real time and mandatory to discourage rumour and speculative activities. Authority should not only spell out punishments but should be strict and firm about it.
This study investigates the perception of the relationship between interest-free financing contracts of Islamic banking as an incentive to provide voluntary information disclosure among entrepreneurs in Nigeria thereby reducing the incidence of information asymmetry. Questionnaires were used as an instrument of data collection. Multivariate Logistic Regression Model was employed to estimate the model. The result showed a positive and significant relationship between the incentive of interest-free financing contracts and motivation to give voluntary information disclosure, thereby minimizing the incidence of asymmetric information. Similarly, the finding also indicates that level of education, understanding and awareness of the procedures of obtaining credit facilities from banks (both conventional and non-interest banks) has a significant relationship with the entrepreneurs’ motivation to give voluntary information disclosure to the banks concerning the financing contracts obtained from Islamic banks. However, the religious belief of the entrepreneurs did not indicate a significant relationship with their decisions to have a banking relationship with Islamic banks but was largely motivated by economic factors and business decisions in their relationship with the banks and their motivation to give voluntary information disclosure. This study, unlike most previous studies on Islamic banking in Nigeria, investigates the perception of entrepreneurs of the relationship between the incentive of interest-free financing contracts and motivation to volunteer greater information. The policymakers can, therefore, leverage the positive perception of entrepreneurs of the incentive of interest-free financing, to reduce information asymmetry in Islamic banking, and promote the establishment of more Islamic banks through appropriate legislations and regulations that can ensure enabling operating environment. This would, in turn, promote financial inclusion and reduce the widening funding gap experienced by small and medium enterprises in the country.
This paper seeks to investigate the determinants of board size for Nigerian companies. To accomplish the aim of the study, a panel data set of public listed companies in Nigeria from 2005 to 2015 was employed. The results showed that the most common board size of Nigerian companies ranged from four to 18 members. Specifically, the findings indicated that board size was a function of company and industry characteristics. A significant and positive association was found between company size and board size, while CEO ownership and ownership concentration were negative. The results lend support to theoretical arguments that a company’s board structure is determined by the scope of company operations and monitoring costs associated with the company. Since company-specific characteristics determine board size, the impact of board size on corporate outcomes may differ based on these characteristics. Therefore, it would be helpful if future studies could consider the interactive effect of company characteristics when investigating the impact of board size on corporate outcomes.
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