This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
This paper offers new evidence on the existence of disappearing dividend phenomenon in the Nigerian stock market and as to how clientele, catering and life-cycle theories of dividend affect firms' dividend paying behaviour. We did not find conclusive evidence to suggest that dividend payments had become second order of importance in firms' payout policies during 2003-2012 because we only observed a downward trend in dividend payments during 2010-2012. Logistic regression of a probability to pay or not to pay dividend and a panel regression of the size of dividend payment show that clientele theory stands out as compared to catering and life-cycle theories. Firms in our sample shape their dividend policies in line with the preference of foreign investors who have less preference for dividend over capital gain due to dividend taxes imposed on these shareholders. This underlines the importance of foreign investors on firms' corporate decisions given the fact they owned more than half of the total shares traded on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. Other determinants that affect the propensity to pay are profitability, investment opportunities, leverage, cash flow, crisis, stock market performance, past dividend and interest rate with signs that are consistent with the prediction of traditional dividend theories.
This paper offers new evidence as to how RPTs can be value enhancing for minority shareholders. In doing so, we address an ongoing theoretical tension in the related party transaction (RPT) literature by focusing on real estate investment trusts (REITs) in Asia. The empirical evidence is mixed in the corporate finance literature on whether RPTs create or destroy firm value. On average, REITs in our sample engaged in RPTs amounting to 5.4 % of total assets, annually, between 2003 and 2010. This is not a trivial amount and is nearly double the 2.8 % RPT rate for U.S. industrial firms. We identify three main channels for REIT RPTs: real estate asset acquisitions from related parties (57.4 %), income earned from related parties (22.2 %) and management fees paid to related parties (14.8 %). The identification strategy we employ relies on two distinct methodologies when examining RPTs and firm value: a multivariate regression approach and, secondly, an exogenous wealth effects test for RPT J Real Estate Finan Econ announcements. Overall, the results suggest that REIT managers and sponsors do not expropriate wealth from their minority shareholders through RPTs. We find evidence that an ad hoc acquisitions pipeline from sponsor to REIT generally drives the value and wealth proposition, although the impact could be reversed in a credit crisis.
In a tight credit market, the primary concern of most real estate investment trusts (REITs) is the ability to access capital and maintain adequate liquidity. Bank lines of credit or loan commitments, which are legally binding contracts arranged to provide debt at the call of the borrowers under prespecified terms, have been theorized to provide insurance protection against a credit crisis. This article examines whether bank lines of credit can indeed provide some insurance for REITs and allow them to access credit during bad times. Covering three credit crunch events, both the origination and utilization patterns of commitment loans by 275 REITs publicly traded between 1992 and 2007 are analyzed. We find that bank lines of credit insulated REITs from credit rationing at both the broad market level as well as at the firm level. However, the insurance value is qualified in the case of smaller and risky firms which may not get to extend their credit limit or draw down on their existing credit lines in a credit crisis.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.