Mortar is among the various construction materials, which refers to the material resulting from the mixture of sand grains, a binder (lime, gypsum, clay minerals, etc.) and water. Properties and characteristics of mortars are classified according to the type of binder used. For some time, mortars had a double objective: to create the link between the parent material (rocks or bricks) as well as to cover and protect the surfaces of columns, walls, and facades (Palomo et al., 2002). Mortars are also of special interest in conservation, because they represent the weakest part of the structure and are much more sensitive to the weathering effects than other components of the building. Therefore, restoration of the mortar is often crucial for the preservation of the whole structure (Omari, 2009). Mortars have been in use for thousands of years and are integral to most masonry constructions. They are part of most global historical buildings. Therefore, they are a major consideration in building conservation (Hughes et al. 2012). The concern for the study of ancient mortars is relatively new. Engineers and scientists consider historical buildings and investigate the solutions for building performance. Consistently, the outcome were highly efficient buildings, more durable and ecofriendly materials as well
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