Nanocomposites of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and nano-calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) particles were prepared via melt blending, and chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) as an interfacial modifier was also introduced into the nanocomposites through preparing CPE/nano-CaCO 3 master batch. The mechanical properties, morphology, and rheology were studied. A moderate toughening effect was observed for PVC/nano-CaCO 3 binary nanocomposites. The elongation at break and Young's modulus also increased with increasing the nano-CaCO 3 concentration. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study demonstrated that the nano-CaCO 3 particles were dispersed in a PVC matrix uniformly, and a few nanoparticles agglomeration was found. The toughening effect of the nano-CaCO 3 particles on PVC could be attributed to the cavitation of the matrix, which consumed tremendous fracture energy. The notched Izod impact strength achieved a significant improvement by incorporating CPE into the nanocomposites, and obtained the high value of 745 J/m. Morphology investigation indicated that the nano-CaCO 3 particles in the PVC matrix was encapsulated with a CPE layer through preparing the CPE/ nano-CaCO 3 master batch. The evaluation of rheological properties revealed that the introduction of nano-CaCO 3 particles into PVC resulted in a remarkable increase in the melt viscosity. However, the viscosity decreased with addition of CPE, especially at high shear rates; thus, the processability of the ternary nanocomposites was improved.
Silver metallized polyimide films have been fabricated with excellent reflectivity and conductivity on both sides via a direct ion-exchange self-metallization technique utilizing 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride/4,4′-oxidianiline (BTDA/4,4′-ODA)-based poly(amic acid) (PAA) films as the polyimide precursor and aqueous silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) solution as the silver origin. Silver polyamate was formed during the ion-exchange process. Heat treatment of the silver(I)-containing precursor films effects the cyclization of PAA and the simultaneous reduction of silver(I), giving silvered polyimide films. Surface reflectivity and conductivity were developed as a function of cure time and temperature and they were greatly associated with the variation of surface morphology. Property differences were exhibited on the upside and underside of the composite films. The final metallized BTDA/4,4′-ODA polyimide films maintained the essential mechanical and thermal stability of the pristine polyimide films. Films were characterized by FTIR-ATR, ICP, DSC, CA, XPS, XRD, and SEM, as well as reflectivity and conductivity measurements.
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