This research aims to formulate a conceptual model of balanced scorecard for public sector organization, especially for the Indonesian Institute of Sciences, based on international best practices. Key success factors for implementating the model and the challenges are the other objectices of this research. It employed explanatory case study research as methodology to achieve the research objectives. 2 main protocols for collecting empirical evidences, namely document analysis and archival records study, were carried out for later scrutiny using explanation building techniques and analytic generalization as method of analysis. The results of this research not only display, but also define what a balanced scorecard model for public sector organization should be looked like as the model aligns with organizational characteristics and strategic plan. In order to achieving a successful implementation, continuous improvement should be applied to the model. No less important is to obtain top management support to boost the full implementation of the model so that it will improve LIPI’s performance as well as its goals achievement.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk merumuskan model konseptual balanced scorecard bagi organisasi sektor publik, dalam hal ini Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, berdasarkan praktik terbaik di dunia internasional, serta apa saja faktor yang menjadi kunci sukses implementasi model tersebut dan apa saja tantangan implementasinya. Metodologi riset studi kasus eksplanatori digunakan untuk untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian tersebut. 2 protokol utama untuk pengumpulan bukti empiris, analisis artikel seminal dan studi dokumen internal, dijalankan untuk kemudian dielaborasi dengan menggunakan teknik explanation building dan analytic generalization. Hasil penelitian ini tidak hanya menyuguhkan, bahkan juga mendefinisikan seperti apa bentuk model konseptual balanced scorecard yang selaras dengan karakteristik organisasi dan sasaran strategis yang hendak dicapai dalam 5 tahun terakhir. Pengembangan yang berkelanjutan terhadap model konseptual tersebut agar sesuai dengan perkembangan organisasi adalah syarat utama keberhasilan implementasi model tersebut di LIPI. Yang tidak kalah pentingnya adalah memperoleh dukungan manajemen puncak untuk menerapkan model tersebut demi memperbaiki kinerja dan arah tujuan organisasi.
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