Introduction: The discriminatory behavior experienced by People Living With HIV (PLWH) remains an unresolved problem in Indonesia. The aims of this research were to determine the factors associated with the discriminatory behavior experienced by PLWH in Indonesia. Methods: This study used cross-sectional design data by processing secondary data from the Indonesian Demographic Health Survey (IDHS) conducted in 2017. The total sample in this study was 15,413 records obtained via the two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique. The variables in this study were knowledge, information, socioeconomic and demographic details and the discriminatory behavior experienced by PLWH. The instrument refers to IDHS 2017. The data were analyzed using a chi-squared test and multinomial logistic regression. Results: The results obtained show that approximately 78.87% of respondents exhibited discriminatory behavior against PLWH in Indonesia. Respondents who had more knowledge about HIV [RRR: 25.35; CI: 2.85, 225.18] and who had earnings [RRR: 2.15; CI: 1.18, 3.92] were more at risk of discriminatory behavior than others. Respondents who lived in a rural area were less likely to engage in discriminatory behavior against PLWH than those who lived in urban areas [RRR: 0.51; CI: 0.29, 0.91]. Conclusion: An increased understanding of HIV-AIDS and Indonesian people's acceptance of PLWH can occur through the provision of accurate information that is designed to prevent discriminatory behavior against PLWH. The government can consider this problem and further related policies so that PLWH can coexist in society and enjoy the same rights as those living without discrimination.
Purpose Indonesia is facing an increasing occurrence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) every year. We assessed the modifiable, non-modifiable, and physiological risk factors of NCDs among the Indonesian population. Methods Secondary data was analyzed from the 2018 Indonesian basic health research (RISKESDAS). The national survey included participants aged 15–54 years and obtained 514,351 responses. Linear systematic two-stage sampling was conducted by RISKESDAS. Furthermore, chi-square and binary logistic regression were utilized to explore the determinant of NCDs with a significance level of 95%. Results We found that almost 10% respondents in Indonesia had NCDs. We observed that depression has a higher odd (aOR: 2.343; 95% CI: 2.235–2.456) contributed to NCDs and followed other factors such as no education (aOR: 1.049; 95% CI: 1.007–1.092), passive smoking (aOR: 0.910; 95% CI: 0.878–0.942), fatty food (aOR: 1.050; 95% CI: 1.029–1.073), burnt food (aOR: 1.033; 95% CI: 1.005–1.062), food with preservatives (aOR: 1.038; 95% CI: 1.002–1.075), seasoned food (aOR: 1.057; 95% CI: 1.030–1.084), soft drinks (aOR: 1.112; 95% CI: 1.057–1.169), living in an urban area (aOR: 1.143; 95% CI: 1.119–1.168), living in central Indonesia (1.243; 95% CI: 1.187–1.302), being female (aOR: 1.235; 95% CI: 1.177–1.25), and obese (aOR: 1.787; 95% CI: 1.686–1.893). Conversely, people in Indonesia who undertook vigorous activity (aOR: 0.892; 95% CI: 0.864–0.921), had employment (aOR: 0.814; 95% CI: 0.796–0.834), had access to improved sources of drinking water (aOR: 0.910; 95% CI: 0.878–0.942), and were aged 35–44 years (aOR: 0.457; 95% CI: 0.446–0.467) were less likely to develop NCDs. Conclusion Modifiable, non-modifiable, and physiological risk factors have a significant influence on NCDs in Indonesia. This finding can be valuable information for Indonesian Government to arrange a cross-collaboration between government, healthcare workers, and society through advocacy, partnership, health promotion, early detection, and management of NCDs.
Background Stigmatization attitudes among youths toward people living with HIV (PLWH) is still an issue and concern in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the regional disparities, levels of HIV-related knowledge, information, and contributions related to stigmatization attitudes among females aged 15–24 years in Indonesia. Methods A cross-sectional study with The 2017 Indonesian Demographic Health Survey (IDHS) was used. A total of 12,691individual records of females aged 15–24 years were recruited through two-stage stratified cluster sampling. The endpoint was stigmatization attitude. Then, bivariate and multivariate binary logistics were performed. Results The findings showed that female youths who have no HIV-related knowledge (62.15%) and some source of information (52.39%). The highest prevalence of stigmatizing attitude was 59.82%, on Java Island. Multivariate analysis showed that females living in Sulawesi and Kalimantan; those living in a rural area; and those with more HIV-related knowledge were less likely to have a stigmatizing attitude. Conversely, females with the middle- to richest-wealth index and had some HIV-related information were more likely to have a stigmatizing attitude. Conclusion An understanding of stigmatizing attitudes should be considered through demographic factors, knowledge, and source of HIV-related information. The Indonesian government should pay more attention to indicators of HIV-related knowledge and information. Moreover, we suggest that the government collaborates with youths to disseminate information and restructure and reanalyze policies about HIV.
Introduction: Treatment that must continue, control, and diet that must be obeyed by people with DM can cause boredom (burnout) - inability to care for themselves, and blood sugar that is not controlled. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of diabetes resilience training on self-care, glycemic control, and diabetes burnout of adult type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental design. The total samples were 70 respondents (treatment and control) obtained by cluster sampling. The independent variable was diabetes resilience training and dependent variables were self-care, glycemic control, and diabetes burnout. The intervention provided for one month with four meetings. Instrument used self-care questionnaire of Self-Care Inventory-Revised (SCI-R), glycemic control questionnaire used an observation sheet for fasting blood sugar, and diabetes burnout questionnaire used Diabetes Distress-Screening Scale (DDS17). Data were analyzed with Wilcoxon signed ranks test, Mann Whitney U Test, Independent-sample t-test, and 1-Sample K-S. Results: There was an effect of diabetes resilience training on self-care (p = 0.003; p <0.05), glycemic control (p = 0.020; p <0.05), and diabetes burnout (p = 0,000; p <0.05). Conclusions: Diabetes resilience training provided by researchers to respondents can improve good self-care behavior, decreased glycemic control values, and decreased distress (diabetes burnout) in adult type 2 diabetes mellitus. Based on the results, it is recomandation to nurses and health care provider to implementation the diabetes resilience training regularly.
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