Determinants of the Discriminatory Behavior Experienced by People Living with HIV in Indonesia: A Cross-sectional Study of the Demographic Health Survey

Nursalam, Nursalam; Sukartini, Tintin; Arifin, Hidayat; Pradipta, Rifky Octavia; Mafula, Dluha; Ubudiyah, Masunatul

doi:10.2174/1874613602115010001

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Several previous studies have shown that people living in urban areas were more intolerant of PLWH [ 44 – 46 ]. Moreover, people who live in rural areas and far from urban areas had a higher level of tolerance and kinship and were willing to accept living together with PLWH [ 23 , 37 , 47 , 48 ]. There was a lack of tolerance toward people with infectious diseases, thus encouraging stigmatization attitudes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several previous studies in Indonesia on stigma toward PLWH have not shown a focus on youths. Previous studies have evaluated the determinants of stigmatization or discrimination but in respondents of all age levels [ 23 ], focused on PLWH’s parents [ 11 ], focused on youth respondents but did not describe the determinants of stigmatization attitudes [ 17 ], examined health care workers only [ 24 ], and only focused on ten regions [ 25 ]. In terms of measures to overcome stigma, around one-quarter of females did not give support for PLWH [ 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HIV-related knowledge, information, and their contribution to stigmatization attitudes among females aged 15–24 years: regional disparities in Indonesia

et al. 2022

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Background Stigmatization attitudes among youths toward people living with HIV (PLWH) is still an issue and concern in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the regional disparities, levels of HIV-related knowledge, information, and contributions related to stigmatization attitudes among females aged 15–24 years in Indonesia. Methods A cross-sectional study with The 2017 Indonesian Demographic Health Survey (IDHS) was used. A total of 12,691individual records of females aged 15–24 years were recruited through two-stage stratified cluster sampling. The endpoint was stigmatization attitude. Then, bivariate and multivariate binary logistics were performed. Results The findings showed that female youths who have no HIV-related knowledge (62.15%) and some source of information (52.39%). The highest prevalence of stigmatizing attitude was 59.82%, on Java Island. Multivariate analysis showed that females living in Sulawesi and Kalimantan; those living in a rural area; and those with more HIV-related knowledge were less likely to have a stigmatizing attitude. Conversely, females with the middle- to richest-wealth index and had some HIV-related information were more likely to have a stigmatizing attitude. Conclusion An understanding of stigmatizing attitudes should be considered through demographic factors, knowledge, and source of HIV-related information. The Indonesian government should pay more attention to indicators of HIV-related knowledge and information. Moreover, we suggest that the government collaborates with youths to disseminate information and restructure and reanalyze policies about HIV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-related knowledge, information, and their contribution to stigmatization attitudes among females aged 15–24 years: regional disparities in Indonesia

et al. 2022

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“…Late HIV diagnosis increases the risk of HIV transmission to others, as well as the chance of eventual illness and mortality and expensive health treatment [ 37 ]. Previous studies conducted in seven countries in the Asia–Pacific region, including Indonesia, revealed that the barriers to HIV testing were as follows: young age, engaged in sex work, transgender, injected drugs, perceived deficiency in health status, lack of insurance, fear of violation of confidentially, and self-referred for HIV testing [ 17 , 18 , 38 , 39 ]. However, several components were found to affect the prevalence of HIV testing in this study, including gender, wealth, region, stigma, and information related to HIV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Optimization of HIV Testing in Eastern Indonesia: Findings from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey

et al. 2022

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There is a concerning increase in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence in eastern Indonesia. HIV testing rates in this area are the lowest in the country. This study aimed to analyze the determinants of HIV testing in the Public Health Centers (PHCs) in eastern Indonesia. A cross-sectional study design was utilized using secondary data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). We focused the survey on eastern Indonesia (Sulawesi, Maluku, and Papua) with PHC settings. After we weighted and removed missing data, we obtained 2118 surveys (425 males and 1693 females aged 14–54 years). Chi-square and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the determinants of HIV testing optimization in eastern Indonesia with a significance level of p < 0.05. The HIV testing coverage at the PHCs in eastern Indonesia was found to be 28.28%. From the survey, we found that respondents from the province of Papua (AOR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.09–1.91), those who were female (AOR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.75–3.12), and those with more information on HIV (AOR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.41–2.51) were more likely to undergo HIV testing at the PHCs. Meanwhile, the wealthiest respondents (AOR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.42–0.89) and the respondents who engaged in the perpetuation of stigmatization (AOR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.42–1.02) were less likely to undergo HIV testing at the PHCs. The coverage of HIV testing in eastern Indonesia needs special attention from the Indonesian government. Increasing equity, distributing information regarding HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) through social media, and creating accessible HIV testing in rural areas are vital for developing appropriate interventions.

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“…Although the HIV/AIDS has been existing for a long time, PLWH has shown better appearance due to the efficacy of anti-retroviral treatment (ART) (Narsai et al, 2016). Meanwhile, stigma and discrimination towards these people seemed not to have completely disappear due to many factors (Nursalam et al, 2021). A study examined HIV-related stigma among PLWH in rural central China and found that they suffered from the burden of HIV-related stigma at a moderate to high level (Li et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthcare needs of people living with human immunodeficiency virus: A qualitative descriptive study

et al. 2021

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The ambitious target to end Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic by 2030 requires serious attention, strong commitment, and effective interventions to mitigate and stop new transmission, as well as to treat and recover those who are already infected.Indonesia is the most populated country in South-East Asia region with about 640,000 people living with HIV (PLWH) infection in 2018, followed by Thailand 480,000, Myanmar 240,000, and Nepal 30,000 (UNAIDS, 2019). Although the national prevalence of new cases has decreased from 63,000 (2010) to 43,000 (2018), the proportion of young people among new HIV infection is the third highest number in Asia and Pacific region. In addition, the number of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)-related deaths was increasing since 2010 to 2018 (UNAIDS, 2019). However, linkage to treatment and care services was poor, and more than half of people who knew their HIV status were not accessing antiretroviral therapy in 2018. In many sites, the percentages of patients

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Determinants of the Discriminatory Behavior Experienced by People Living with HIV in Indonesia: A Cross-sectional Study of the Demographic Health Survey

Cited by 19 publications

References 36 publications

HIV-related knowledge, information, and their contribution to stigmatization attitudes among females aged 15–24 years: regional disparities in Indonesia

HIV-related knowledge, information, and their contribution to stigmatization attitudes among females aged 15–24 years: regional disparities in Indonesia

The Optimization of HIV Testing in Eastern Indonesia: Findings from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey

Healthcare needs of people living with human immunodeficiency virus: A qualitative descriptive study

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