In 1997, B-Lynch pioneered the use of uterine compression sutures for postpartum hemorrhage. Since then, some researchers, including ourselves, have devised various uterine compression sutures. High-level evidence has not been demonstrated as to whether compression sutures achieve better and safer hemostasis for postpartum hemorrhage than other methods, and, if they do, whether one suture is more efficient and safer than another. However, generally speaking, uterine compression sutures have achieved hemostasis while preserving fertility in many women and thus their efficacy and safety have been timetested. Each suture has both merits and drawbacks: obstetricians must be aware of the fundamental characteristics of various sutures. In this review, we summarize the technical procedures, efficacy, safety and complications of various uterine compression sutures. We add our own experiences and opinions where necessary.

For cesarean hysterectomy with placenta previa accreta, "universally achievable" measures are required. We propose eight measures: (i) placement of intra-iliac arterial occlusion balloon catheters; (ii) placement of ureter stents; (iii) "holding the cervix" to identify the site to be transected; (iv) uterine fundal incision; (v) avoidance of uterotonics; (vi) "M cross double ligation" for ligating the ovarian ligament; (vii) "filling the bladder" to identify the bladder separation site and "opening the bladder" for placenta previa accreta with bladder invasion; and (viii) to continue to clamp the medial side of the parametrium or the cervix or employment of the "double edge pick-up" to ligate it. These eight measures are simple, easy, effective, and thus "universally achievable".

We must be aware that UAP may not be so rare and it may be present in patients after non-traumatic deliveries/pregnancy termination and without postpartum or postabortal hemorrhage.

Anterior placentation, namely, the placenta with a longer os-placental edge distance in the anterior wall than in the posterior wall, was a risk of massive hemorrhage during CS for PP.

Although pain in the lower abdomen, the requirement of tocolytic treatment, preterm delivery, and cesarean delivery were common, the neonatal outcome was fairly good in women with uterine leiomyomas. The present data might be encouraging to pregnant women with uterine leiomyomas.