In 1997, B-Lynch pioneered the use of uterine compression sutures for postpartum hemorrhage. Since then, some researchers, including ourselves, have devised various uterine compression sutures. High-level evidence has not been demonstrated as to whether compression sutures achieve better and safer hemostasis for postpartum hemorrhage than other methods, and, if they do, whether one suture is more efficient and safer than another. However, generally speaking, uterine compression sutures have achieved hemostasis while preserving fertility in many women and thus their efficacy and safety have been timetested. Each suture has both merits and drawbacks: obstetricians must be aware of the fundamental characteristics of various sutures. In this review, we summarize the technical procedures, efficacy, safety and complications of various uterine compression sutures. We add our own experiences and opinions where necessary.

Abstract-District heating and cooling (DHC) systems have been actively introduced as energy supply systems in urban areas. Since there exist a number of large-size freezers, heat exchangers and boilers in a DHC plant to generate and supply cold water, hot water and steam to a DHC system, the control under an operation plan for these instruments on the basis of the demand of cold water, hot water and steam, called heat load, is important for stable and economical management of DHC systems. In this paper, we formulate an operation planning problem of an actual DHC plant as a nonlinear integer programming problem in consideration of various penalties for violation of contracts. Furthermore, in order to reflect actual decision making situations for DHC plants more appropriately, we formulate a multiobjective operation planning problem to minimize not only the running cost but the amount of primary energy consumption from the viewpoint of saving energy. Then, we propose an interactive fuzzy satisficing method through tabu search for multiobjective operation planning problems to derive a satisficing solution for the decision maker.

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Uterine compression suture to prevent impending recurrence of uterine inversion after laparotomy repositioning has not been reported previously. A 28-year-old primigravid woman demonstrated uterine inversion. Although Huntington's procedure had successfully repositioned the uterus, acute recurrence of inversion with uterine atony appeared to be impending during the surgery. We applied modified uterine compression sutures, which prevented the recurrence of inversion and achieved complete hemostasis. Three years later, the patient became pregnant and vaginally delivered a term infant. Thereafter, uterine inversion recurred, and was repositioned manually. Uterine compression suture may be of use not only for hemostasis for postpartum hemorrhage, but also for prophylaxis against acute recurrence of uterine inversion.

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