Tinospora cordifolia, used in anti-diabetic herbal drug preparations, was reported [12] to contain an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, characterized as saponarin (apigenin-6-C-glucosyl-7-O-glucoside). The leaf extract had appreciable antioxidant and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and contained the flavonoid in the range of 32.1 +/- 1.5-45.5 +/- 3.5 mg/g of dry solid. Saponarin showed mixed competitive inhibition on activities of alpha-glucosidase and sucrase of different origins. IC(50), Ki and ki' values determined were 48 muM, 8 muM and 19.5 microM respectively for intestinal maltase and 35 microM, 6 microM and 13 microM respectively for intestinal sucrase. When given orally to maltose-fed rat, saponarin showed hypoglycemic activity in the range of 20-80 mg/kg compared to 100-200 mg/kg for acarbose as reported.

BACKGROUND Rice bran oil and soy protein nanoparticles (SPNs) may be considered as novel functional food ingredients for soy yogurt production. Formulation of soy yogurt with SPNs and rice bran oil, which has significant physiological functions, will convert them into functional food products. This study was conducted to develop rice bran oil‐based soy protein nanoparticles emulsion (SPNE) and to evaluate physical properties, antioxidant activities, oxidative stability and microbiological load as well as textural attributes of SPNs incorporated yogurt (SPNY) during storage at 4 °C for 45 days. RESULTS SPNs were prepared from soy protein isolate of defatted soy flour. Solubilization, crystallization and ultrasonication was carried out six times. After the sixth cycle of repeated solubilizing, crystallization and ultrasonication, the size of nano protein was reduced to 72.42 ± 0.22 nm from 586.72 ± 0.75 nm (after first cycle). Viscosity, penetration values and water‐holding capacity of SPNs added to yogurt were decreased with increase in reduction size of SPNs. SPNs added to yogurt exhibited greater antiradical scavenging ability and ferric reducing antioxidant property than control yogurt. Fortified soy yogurt had significant higher oxidative stability and proteolytic activity. CONCLUSION Fortification of non‐dairy food products with SPNs, which has significant physiological functions, convert conventional soy yogurt into functional food products. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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No common underlying physiological variables in premenopausal and postmenopausal women indicate that a single risk axis for clustering of cardiometabolic phenotypes is highly unlikely.

Background:No study has been undertaken on people of Asian Indian origin to investigate the age and sex variation in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors.Objectives:To investigate the age and sex variation in the prevalence of CVD risk factors among the people of Asian Indian origin.Materials and Methods:A total of 682 (302 males and 380 females) participants aged 25–85 years took part in the study. The subjects were categorized into 4 groups, namely, Group I (25–34 years), Group II (35–44 years), Group III (45–54 years), and Group IV (55 years and above). Height, weight, and the circumferences of minimum waist (MWC) and maximum hip were collected using standard techniques. Waist–hip ratio (WHR) was then calculated. Percentage of body fat (%BF) and body mass index (BMI) were measured using an Omron body fat analyzer. Left arm systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were taken from each participant with the help of an Omron MI digital electronic blood/pulse monitor. Metabolic profiles, namely, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high (HDL), low (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were also measured using an autoanalyzer.Results:One-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences for age, BMI, MWC, WHR, SBP, DBP, TC, TG, LDL, VLDL, and TC:HDL and TG:HDL ratios across the groups. It was observed that there were significant sex-specific group differences (male [χ2 (12)] =29.22, P < 0.01 and female [χ2 (12)] =56.69, P < 0.001) for obesity, high BP, high TC, high TG, and high FBG. But no significant group-specific sex difference was evident for either of the risk factors, except for Group IV.Conclusion:Age irrespective of sex modulates CVD risk factors and warranted prevention as early as middle age.

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<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Women with family history of diabetes (FHD) are at significantly increased risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus which may eventually lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in later life. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> This study investigates the role of FHD on metabolic markers and gene polymorphisms and hence on T2DM susceptibility in nondiabetic pregnant women and the subsequent risks in their newborns. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> The present study was conducted on 200 healthy (nondiabetic and normotensive) adult Asian Indian women, including 100 with and 100 without FHD, living in and around Kolkata, India. During the gestational period, they were studied twice and followed up till delivery. During delivery, both mothers’ venous blood and cord blood were collected to estimate serum CRP, glucose, and lipid profiles of the respective mothers and their newborns. Genotyping of PPARγ and TCF7L2 polymorphisms was done from these blood samples. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A comparison of the metabolic variables among the subjects with and without FHD revealed significant differences among them. We also found close relationship between mothers and their newborn babies in terms of both PPARγ (rs1801282) C/G and TCF7L2 (rs7903146) C/T polymorphisms. More specifically, genotyping results for mothers with FHD and their newborn babies showed high concordance in inheritance of alleles: (i) for PPARγ via the risk allele G (74.0%) which is carried over to the newborn babies (64.5%) and (ii) for TCF7L2 via the risk allele T (73.0%) which is carried over to the newborn babies (68.5%). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This study leads to the conclusion that Asian Indian women population based in Kolkata, India, are ethnically and genetically predisposed to the risk factors of diabetes through FHD, which is reflected in their gestational phase, and it has a significant implication on their birth outcomes.

Chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that kills rapidly proliferating cells. Being a non-specific mode of treatment, it can cause damage to healthy cells like bone marrow cells, epithelial cells, hair follicles etc., resulting in various side effects. Cisplatin, a platinum coordination complex, is a common chemotherapeutic drug that is used in the treatment of several types of cancers, including testicular, ovarian and bladder cancer. Cisplatin interferes with DNA replication by forming cross-linking of DNA in the form of 1, 2-intrastrand crosslinks with purine bases. It can also cause missense mutations and breaks in DNA. The DNA injury triggers cell death and inhibits RNA and protein synthesis, especially in rapidly dividing cells. However, it has been observed to have profound participation in neuropathy, ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity, few among many other side effects. Changes in the activity of certain serum enzymes have been implicated to cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity. In this study, we investigated the effect of cisplatin on Swiss Albino mice (Mus musculus L.) animal model. Mice were intraperitoneally administered with cisplatin at varying sublethal doses and exposure periods. They were tested for hepatotoxicity by estimating several biochemical parameters. The mid-toxic dose was co-treated with curcumin supplementation since curcumin has prominent anti-radical, anti-inflammatory and anti-mutagenic activities. The investigation was further extended to study the effect of cisplatin on hepatic cell viability and inspect presence of chromosomal aberrations. The present study shall assist in better comprehension of cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity and effects of curcumin to prevent related side effects.