Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in people of Asian Indian origin: Age and sex variation

Ghosh, Arnab; Bhagat, Minakshi; Das, Mithun; Bala, Sanjib Kumar; Goswami, Riddhi; Pal, Shweta

doi:10.4103/0975-3583.64441

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…We recognized age as an important contributor of the increase of CVD risk factors across the ages, independent of lifestyle, and dietary habits. Previous studies have also shown a positive relationship between age and CVD risk factors (e.g., waist circumference, WHtR, blood pressure, triglycerides, and LDL-C)[ 6 ] and also between age and CVD events. [ 16 ] In fact, age has been suggested as an inexpensive screening tool for detection of people at risk of future CVD events.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Increased waist-to-height ratio may contribute to age-related increase in cardiovascular risk factors

et al. 2016

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Background:The risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) increases with age. The objective was to determine whether lifestyle and dietary behaviors and anthropometric measures, which are affected by these behaviors, contribute to the increase of CVD risk factors across age categories of 20–50-year-old.Methods:In a cross-sectional design, 437 adults aged 20–50-year-old were selected from households living in Shiraz. Risk factors of CVD, including body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C and HDL-C, respectively) as well as lifestyle behaviors (physical activity and smoking), dietary habits, and food intakes were assessed across the age categories of 20–29, 30–39, and 40–50 years. Linear regression was used to examine the contribution of different variables to the age-related increase of CVD risk factors.Results:All CVD risk factors, except for HDL-C, significantly increased across age categories. Older subjects had healthier dietary habits and food intakes, but they possessed nonsignificantly lower physical activity and higher smoking rate compared to younger adults. Adjusting for physical activity, smoking, and BMI did not change the significant positive association between age and CVD risk factors but adjusting for WHtR disappeared associations for blood pressure, triglycerides, and metabolic syndrome although significant associations remained for FBG and total and LDL-C.Conclusions:Age-related increase of CVD risk factors occurred independent of lifestyle habits. WHtR, but not BMI, may partially contribute to the age-related increase in CVD risk factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…[ 5 ] However, evidence indicates that cardiovascular risk factors start to increase even earlier, for example, in 20s. [ 6 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased waist-to-height ratio may contribute to age-related increase in cardiovascular risk factors

et al. 2016

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“…Similar to findings reported in a previous national study in Malaysia [ 41 ], Indians were associated with the highest risk of overweight/obesity among the different ethnic groups. Genetic predispositions to overweight or obesity among Indians and other environmental factors, including behavioral and cultural influences on food preparation and consumption, could increase their susceptibility to obesity [ 42 ]. Among men, the upper middle-age group (40 to 49 years old) was more likely to be overweight/obese, and the likelihood decreased in the elderly (≥ 60 years old) compared to their younger (18 to 29 years old) counterparts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity and overweight/obesity among Malaysian adults: findings from the 2015 National Health and morbidity survey (NHMS)

et al. 2017

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BackgroundOverweight and obesity are growing health problems both worldwide and in Malaysia due to such lifestyle changes as decreased physical activity (PA), increased sedentary behavior and unhealthy eating habits. This study examined the levels and patterns of PA among normal-weight and overweight/obese adults and to investigate the association between PA level and overweight/obesity in Malaysian adults.MethodsThis study used data from the 2015 National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS), a nationwide cross-sectional survey that implemented a two-stage stratified random sampling design. Respondents aged 18 years and above (n = 17,261) were included in the analysis. The short version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was administered to assess the respondents’ PA levels. The respondents’ height and weight were objectively measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The respondents were categorized according to BMI as either normal-weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) or overweight/obese (≥ 25 kg/m2). Descriptive and complex sample logistic regression analyses were employed as appropriate.ResultsOverall, approximately 1 in 2 respondents (51.2%) were overweight/obese, even though the majority (69.0%) reporting at least a moderate level of PA (total PA ≥ 10 MET-hours/week). In both normal-weight and overweight/obese groups, a significantly higher prevalence of high PA (total PA ≥ 50 MET-hours/week) was observed among men than women (p < 0.001), but women reported a significantly higher prevalence of low and moderate PA than men (p < 0.001). Men reported significantly higher activity levels (in MET-hours/week) than women with regard to walking, vigorous-intensity PA and total PA (p < 0.001). Overweight/obese men reported a significantly lower level of vigorous-intensity PA and total PA than normal-weight men (p < 0.001). A low level of PA was associated with the risk of overweight/obesity (Adjusted OR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.01–1.30) compared to a high level of PA among men but not among women.ConclusionsThe levels of PA were inversely related to the risk of overweight/obesity in men but not in women. Programs designed to reduce overweight/obesity rates should encourage the practice of moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA. Future research should consider using longitudinal and prospective approaches that simultaneously measure dietary intake, PA and BMI among Malaysian adults to investigate the actual relationship between PA and overweight/obesity.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4772-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Our findings of an adverse impact of TFA:SFA intake and inverse relation of adiposity with PUFA, i.e., protection of polyunsaturated fat concerning the association with MS is in accordance with the finding of several other investigations. [ 23 26 – 29 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of metabolic syndrome with obesity measures, metabolic profiles, and intake of dietary fatty acids in people of Asian Indian origin

Das¹,

Pal²,

Ghosh³

2010

Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research

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Objective:The present community-based cross-sectional study was aimed to examine the association of metabolic syndrome (MS) with obesity measures, metabolic profiles, and intake of dietary fatty acids in Asian Indian population.Patients and Methods:A total of 350 adult (30 years and above) individuals (184 males and 166 females) inhabiting in and around Kolkata, India participated in this study. MS was defined using the protocol specifically designed for Asian Indian population.Results:The prevalence of MS in the study was 31.4%. The prevalence was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in females (48.2%) as compared to males (16.3%). It was observed that males without MS had significantly higher mean waist circumference (WC P < 0.05); waist–hip ratio (WHR; P < 0.001); triglyceride (TG; P < 0.05); very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDLc; P < 0.05) and fasting blood glucose (FBG; P < 0.01) as compared to females without MS. Significant differences were also observed for dietary intake of total fatty acids (TFA; P < 0.001); saturated fatty acids (SFA; P < 0.001) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; P < 0.001) between individuals with and without MS. However, no significant association was observed in individuals with MS after controlling for age and sex. On the other, WC and body mass index (BMI) had significant correlation with SFA: mono unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA; P < 0.01) in individuals without MS even after controlling for age and sex.Conclusion:It seem reasonable to argue that while dealing with MS in Asian Indians, clinicians should consider obesity measures, metabolic profiles and dietary fatty acids simultaneously.

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Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in people of Asian Indian origin: Age and sex variation

Cited by 23 publications

References 13 publications

Increased waist-to-height ratio may contribute to age-related increase in cardiovascular risk factors

Increased waist-to-height ratio may contribute to age-related increase in cardiovascular risk factors

Physical activity and overweight/obesity among Malaysian adults: findings from the 2015 National Health and morbidity survey (NHMS)

Association of metabolic syndrome with obesity measures, metabolic profiles, and intake of dietary fatty acids in people of Asian Indian origin

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