El Paso, bilingual from the outset, becomes ever more so because its larger twin, Ciudad Juarez, is monolingual, and because Juärez grows rapidly. Thispaper discusses the linguistic impact on work, commerce andeducation of the fact that Spanish has a demographic advantage in the international region. In El Paso, many Juarez residents work with other Mexicans or Mexican Americans who emigrated after childhood, guaranteeing that certainjobs are hispanophone. El Pasoans unable or unwilling to speak English can take advantage ofthe extent to which El Paso functions in Spanish for the benefit of Juarez residents. Also discussed is the relationship between neighborhood and language proficiency; the issue of national identity; and the large number of Juarez youngsters who attend El Paso schools. For clearly instrumental reasons alone, El Paso's Mexican Americans must learn English but cannot afford to relinquish Spanish.
statistics obtained from a survey of lower-division (LD) French, German, and Spanish language program directors (coordinators) working at eighty-five American universities which regularly offer the doctorate in foreign language (FL) fields.The study sought to determine the LD directors' areas of specialization and expertise. More precisely, information was sought about the extent to which applied and pedagogicallinguistics -by which I mean the interpretation and re-examination of linguistic theory for the purpose of facilitating language learning and acquisition among many other goals -constitute the doctoral background and research interests of LD directors at those institutions that produce future university professors, or whether the typical LD director's background and interest lie elsewhere -in literature, in theoretical linguistics, or in some other field.This particular topic has never been investigated in full. Comments on LD directors' backgrounds and fields of expertise appear alongside much additional information about teaching assistant (TA) training, supervision, and evaluation in the report on a survey by Schulz. Brief mention is made of TA supervisors' preparation in a lengthy study of graduate FL curricula at major American universities (Di Pietro, Lantolf & Labarca). More recently, a closely-reasoned, autobiographically informed critique of how LD directors are often dealt with at research-oriented institutions ap-The Modern LanguageJoumal, 71, i (1987) 0026· 7902/8 7/0001/028 $1. 50/0
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