No abstract

BLATT, FORD, BERMAN, COOK, MEYER lly elaboration of inaccurately perceived human responses on the Rorschach, that is, in decreased investment in inappropriate or autistic fantasies about human relationships.important psychological dimensions that may occur after a substantial period of treatment, with the possibility that different changes may occur : n different types of patients.This document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers.This article is intended solely for the personal use of the individual user and is not to be disseminated broadly. 130BLATT, FORD, BERMAN, COOK, MEYER therapist. Despite this emphasis placed on the necessity for indepencent including "projective techniques" as a method for obtaining an evaluation of psychotherapy change by an expert, independent, external observer.This document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers. This article is intended solely for the personal use of the individual user and is not to be disseminated broadly. 132BLATT, FORD, BERMAN, COOK, MEYER system damage. All these patients had 200 or more sessions of individual, psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy intervening between testings.intelligence. There were 45 women and 45 men in the sample, ranging in ageThis document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers. This article is intended solely for the personal use of the individual user and is not to be disseminated broadly.

Utilizing data from the Riggs-Yale Project, 45 male and 45 female 18-29-yearold treatment-resistant inpatients undergoing intensive psychoanalytically oriented treatment were studied. Twenty-seven mixed-type anaclitic-introjective inpatients were compared with 29 "pure" anaclitic and 34 "pure" introjective inpatients. At intake, mixed-type inpatients were more clinically impaired (i.e., were more symptomatic, cognitively impaired, and thought disordered) and more vulnerable (i.e., less accurate object representations and more frequently used maladaptive defense mechanisms) in comparison with clearly defined anaclitic and introjective patients. Mixed-type patients, however, improved significantly more in the course of psychoanalytically oriented treatment, in terms of clinical functioning (i.e., symptoms, cognitive functioning) and psychological vulnerability (i.e., utilization of more adaptive defense mechanisms).Interpersonal relatedness and self-definition are two fundamental themes in many psychoanalytic and nonanalytic personality theories. In "Civilization and Its Discontents," for example, Freud (1930/1961a) contrasted "the man who is predominantly erotic [and gives] first preference to his emotional relationships of other people" with "the narcissistic man,

Seriously disturbed anaclitic and introjective patients expressed therapeutic progress in different but theoretically consistent ways.

Stories told in response to the Thematic Apperception Test were used to assess denial, projection, and identification in 90 hospitalized patients who had been clinically determined to have an anaclitic or introjective personality configuration. Within the anaclitic group, the level of defense use was meaningfully related to ratings of clinical symptoms and interpersonal behavior. For both groups, the level of defense use was related to Rorschach measures of object relations. The results supported the assumption that denial, projection, and identification represent different levels on a developmental continuum of defenses.